Also known as the spoils system, it is a political practice in which public office is appointed or dismissed based on partisan loyalty or personal preference. It developed in Britain and the United States, but the word spoils was coined in the United States. It comes from a famous phrase, "To the victor go the spoils," spoken in 1832 by Senator W.L. Marcy of New York. The spoils system was first used in the United States by the third president, Jefferson, but the system was not established until the time of the seventh president, Jackson. Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information |
スポイルズ・システムともいう。公職の任免を党派的忠誠や情実によって決める政治慣行のことをいう。イギリスやアメリカにおいて発達したが,スポイルズという言葉を生んだのはアメリカである。それは1832年,ニューヨークの上院議員W.L.マーシーが述べた〈戦利品(スポイルズ)は勝者の手に〉という有名な文句に由来する。アメリカにおいてスポイルズ・システムを初めて用いたのは,第3代大統領ジェファソンであるが,この制度が確立されるのは,第7代大統領ジャクソンの時代になってからである。
出典 株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について 情報 |
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