Born: May 18, 1872, Trelek
[Died] February 2, 1970. Penrhyn Dodraeth. British philosopher, mathematician, and critic. Full name Bertrand Arthur William Russell, 3rd Earl Russell of Kingston Russell, Viscount Amberley of Amberley and of Ardsalla. He majored in philosophy and mathematics at Cambridge University, and served as a lecturer there until he was dismissed in 1916 due to the anti-war movement. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1950. He started out as a mathematician, and wrote Principles of Mathematics (1903) and Principia Mathematica (3 volumes, 1910-13, co-authored with Alfred North Whitehead), arguing that mathematics can be reduced to logical concepts, which had a great influence on later logic. He then began studying philosophy and developed an epistemology based on British empiricism (Machism, New Realism), in which he also incorporated the results of logic gained through his research in mathematics. As a social critic and activist, he contributed to the protection of individual dignity and world peace through the anti-Stalin movement of the 1950s, the Pugwash Conferences, and the Russell Court, which opposed the Vietnam War. His main work is A History of Western Philosophy (1945). Russell
Russell, Ken Born: July 3, 1927, Southampton
[Died]2011.11.27.
British film director. Full name Henry Kenneth Alfred Russell. Critics have divided opinions of his shocking and scandalous style of work. Born as the son of a shoemaker, he attended the Merchant Marine College in Pangborn and trained as an electrician in the Royal Air Force for two years. He then tried his hand at various artistic endeavors, including theater, ballet, and photography, and also began filmmaking. His early works caught the eye of the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC), who gave him a job as a documentary director. After gaining attention with two feature films he made during his time at the BBC, French Dressing (1963) and Billion Dollar Brain (1967), he established himself as a film director with Women in Love (1969), a film adaptation of a novel by David Herbert Lawrence. However, his next film, The Music Lovers (1970), about the tortured life of Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky, and The Devils (1971), based on a novel by Aldous L. Huxley, drew criticism for their shocking depictions. He again achieved box-office success with Tommy (1975), a film adaptation of a rock opera. Russell
Russell, Bill Born February 12, 1934 in Monroe, Louisiana. American basketball player. Real name William Felton Russell. Considered the greatest defensive center in NBA history. Raised in Oakland, California, he led the University of San Francisco to two consecutive NCAA championships (1954-55, 1955-56). In 1956, he played for the United States at the Melbourne Olympic Games, winning a gold medal. In 1956, he joined the Boston Celtics, winning nine championships in 1957 and 1959-66. In 1966, he became the first black coach of a major American professional sports team, serving as both player and coach. He won championships in 1968 and 1969, and retired in 1969. He was a five-time NBA MVP. He served as manager and general manager of the Seattle SuperSonics from 1973-77. After retiring from basketball, he worked as a sports announcer, columnist, television news commentator, etc. In 1975, he was inducted into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame. Russell
Russell, Henry Norris Born: October 25, 1877, Oyster Bay, New York
[Died] February 18, 1957. Princeton, New Jersey. An American astronomer. He studied at Princeton University, where he studied the mutual motion of binary stars. He studied abroad at Cambridge University in England, where he studied the motion of spectroscopic binary stars. After returning to Japan, he became a professor at Princeton University and director of the observatory. He devised a method to calculate the mass and mutual distance of binary stars from their orbits. He also made outstanding achievements in the study of eclipsing variable stars (→ eclipsing binary stars) and the Magellanic Clouds (→ irregular galaxies). In 1913, he completed the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram, which shows the relationship between the spectral type and absolute magnitude of stars. He also attempted to clarify the chemical composition of stars by comparing it with laboratory research. He is also known for his theories of stellar evolution and the origin of the solar system, and is a great illuminator in astronomy. His main work is Solar System and Its Origin (1935). Russell
Russell, John, 1st Earl Russell Born: August 18, 1792, London
Died May 28, 1878. London. British politician. Third son of the 6th Duke of Bedford. Born into a noble Whig family, he entered the House of Commons in 1813 and was a Whig reformer. In 1830 he was Commissioner-General for Military Payments in the C. Grey Cabinet. He contributed to the passage of the First Electoral Amendment Bill. From 1835 to 1839 he was Home Secretary in the Melbourne Cabinet, and from 1839 to 1841 he was Secretary of State for War and Secretary of State for Colonies. After the collapse of the R. Peel Cabinet, he was Prime Minister from 1846 to 1852. During his term he implemented various liberal reforms, and in 1848 dealt with the rise of the Chartist movement. He was Foreign Secretary in the Aberdeen Coalition Cabinet from 1852 to 1853, Minister without Portfolio from 1853 to 1854, and President of the Privy Council from 1854 to 1855, before becoming Foreign Secretary in the Palmerston Cabinet from 1859 to 1865. He became an Earl in 1861. He became Prime Minister in 1865, but resigned in 1866 after the Electoral Amendment Bill failed to pass. Russell
Russell, George William Born: April 10, 1867, Lurgan
[Died] July 17, 1935. Bournemouth. Irish poet, essayist and journalist. Pen name Æ. Along with Yeats and others, he played a leading role in the Irish literary revival. He was also interested in political movements, and participated in the founding of the Irish Agricultural Organisation Association. He edited the magazines The Irish Homestead (1906-23) and The Irish Statesman (23-30). His major works include the poetry collection Homeward: Songs by the Way (1894), the play Deirdre (1907), and the essay The Candle of Vision (18). Russell
Russell, Lord William Born: September 29, 1639.
[Died] July 21, 1683.
British politician. A member of the Russell family, he was the third son of the 1st Duke of Bedford. He became a member of the House of Commons in 1660, and from about 1673 he criticized King Charles II's pro-French and pro-Catholic policies and campaigned for Protestantism. He felt a growing sense of crisis after the Papist Plot of 1678, and was an active supporter of the Bill to Exclude the Succession to the Throne of 1679, and later became a leader of the Whig Party together with the 1st Earl of Shaftesbury. After the bill failed to pass, he retired from politics in 1681, but was arrested in 1683 for his involvement in the Rye House Affair, and was executed even though he had little to do with it. Russell
Russell, Charles Taze Born: February 16, 1852 in Pittsburgh
Died October 31, 1916. A religious leader in the Pampas American States of Texas. Founder of the International Bible Students Association. Raised as a Presbyterian and Congregational Protestant, he abandoned the beliefs of the established churches and organized his own Bible study group in his birthplace in 1872. From 1877 onwards, he preached the invisible second coming of Christ, predicted that Christ's world reign would begin in 1944, and continued to preach the theory of Christ's millennial reign throughout his life. In 1879, he published The Watch Tower, and in 1884, he founded The Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society (commonly known as Jehovah's Witnesses), and engaged in widespread evangelism. Russell
Russell, Morgan Born: January 25, 1886 in New York
[Died] May 29, 1953. Born in Bloomall, Pennsylvania. American painter. After studying at the Art Students League, he moved to Paris in 1906 and spent 40 years there. He was the first American painter to pursue a scientific theory of color in relation to artistic expression. In 1913-14, together with S. MacDonald-Wright, he established Synchromism as an avant-garde movement, and held exhibitions in Munich, Paris, and New York. After 1919, he moved away from absolute abstractionism and turned to figurative painting. He returned to Japan in 1946. Major work: Formation (1913-14). Russell
Russell, Charles, Baron Russell of Killowen Born 10 November 1832, Down, Newry
[Died] August 10, 1900, London. British lawyer and politician. A Catholic, he studied in Dublin and worked at a law firm in his hometown of Newry, but became independent in 1854. He qualified as a barrister in 1859 and was active in Liverpool. He became a Crown counsel in 1872 and served as a Liberal Party member of the House of Commons from 1880 to 1894, promoting Liberal Party policies both inside and outside of parliament, and working especially hard for Ireland. He was created a peer in 1894 and became Chief Justice of the Supreme Court in the same year, contributing to legal reform. Russell
Russell, Lillian Born: December 4, 1861, Clinton, Iowa
[Died] June 6, 1922. Pittsburgh. American actress and singer. Her real name was Helen Louise Leonard. She appeared in variety shows at the T. Pastor and Weber-Fields Variety Theatres, and excelled in comic opera. She was called an "American Beauty" for her beauty and glamorous aura, and became a popular star in the show business. Russell
Russell, John Born 29 March 1745, Guilford
[Died] April 20, 1806. Hull British painter. He was a specialist in pastel painting, and became an associate member of the Royal Academy in 1772, and a full member in 1788. From 1789 onwards, he worked as a court painter, painting many portraits of the King of England and other nobles and dignitaries. His theory of painting techniques, "Elements of Painting with Crayons", is also famous. Russell
Russell, Odo William Leopold, 1st Baron Ampthill Born: February 20, 1829 in Florence
[Died] August 25, 1884. British diplomat at Potsdam. Nephew of the 1st Earl Russell. His father also served as minister to Prussia. First ambassador to Germany after the establishment of the German Empire in 1871. Participated in the Berlin Conference in 1877-78 as one of the British plenipotentiaries. Appointed baron in 1881. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
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