Clan - Magpie

Japanese: 氏爵 - うじのしゃく

…Originally, the rule was to appoint the person with the highest rank among the clan officials, but later, in the Fujiwara clan, the head of the clan was made a regent or chancellor, and in the Otsuki clan, the head of the clan was made a regent for a specific government post. The main responsibilities of the head of the clan included the management of clan shrines and temples, the management of clan institutes (such as the Fujiwara clan's Kan'akuin and the Tachibana clan's Gakukan'in), and the recommendation of clan ranks (one person from each clan is promoted to the fifth rank each year). In addition to the Fujiwara and Otsuki clans mentioned above, the Genji, Tachibana, Tomo, Takashina, Sugawara, Miyoshi, and Wake clans also had clan heads, but their status was not necessarily uniform. …

From [surname]

…However, during the Muromachi period, the position of Shogakuin betto was transferred from the Koga family, which descended from the Murakami Genji clan, to the Ashikaga Shogun family, which descended from the Seiwa Genji clan, and during the Edo period, the Tokugawa Shogun family also served as Shogakuin betto until the end of the Edo period. During the Heian period, the Fujiwara clan, Tachibana clan, and Genji clan were given the privilege of Uji no Shayaku (family title). This was a privilege in which each year, upon the recommendation of the head of each clan, one member of each clan who held the rank of Jorokui Jo was awarded the rank of Jugoi Ge. …

*Some of the terminology explanations that mention "clan" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…元来，氏中官位第一の者を充てるのを原則としたが，のち藤原氏では摂政ないし関白の兼摂となり，小槻氏では官務(太政官の史の最上首)の兼帯となったように，特定の官職と結びついた例もある。氏神の祭祀をはじめ，氏社･氏寺の管理，氏院(藤原氏の勧学院，橘氏の学館院などの大学別曹)の管理，氏爵（うじのしやく）(諸氏より毎年1人ずつ五位に叙する)の推挙などを主要な権限とする。上記の藤原氏，小槻氏のほか，源氏，橘氏，伴氏，高階氏，菅原氏，三善氏，和気氏などにも氏長者が存したが，その様態は必ずしも一様ではない。…

【姓氏】より

…もっとも奨学院別当の職は，室町時代に及んで村上源氏に出た久我（こが）家から清和源氏に出自した足利将軍家に移り，江戸時代には徳川将軍家が奨学院別当を兼ねて幕末に至った。　平安時代には，氏爵（うじのしやく）という特典が藤原氏，橘氏，源氏に与えられた。これは毎年，三氏ともその氏長者の推挙によって，氏人のうちで正六位上を帯びた者各1名が従五位下に叙される恩典であった。…

※「氏爵」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典｜株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典第２版について | 情報

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