Indian politician and philosopher. Born in South India, he graduated from Madras Christian College and then went to England, where he earned a degree from Oxford University. He served as professor of philosophy at Presidency College in Madras (now Chennai), Calcutta University, and Benares Hindu University (1939-1948), and was also professor at Oxford University (1936-1952). After India's independence, he served as ambassador to the Soviet Union (1949-1952) and vice president (1952-1962), and was elected president in 1962 (until 1967). He wrote many books, including two volumes of "Indian Philosophy" (1922-1926), "Hindu View of Life" (1927), "Idealistic View of Life" (1929), "Eastern Religions and Western Thought" (1939), "Bhagavad Gita" (1946), "Major Upanishads" (1953), and "Brahma Sutra" (1960). He also supervised the "History of Eastern and Western Philosophy" (1952-1953), published by the Indian government. He endeavored to investigate Indian thought from a comparative philosophical perspective, and in "Indian Philosophy" he provided a comprehensive overview of Indian philosophy in comparison with Western philosophy, clarifying the universality of Indian philosophy. In "Eastern Religions and Western Thought," he provided a foundation for comparative thought between East and West from the Hindu perspective. His philosophical position was based on the Vedanta philosophy of Shankara lineage, which is based on the idea of non-dualism, and he aimed to revive Vedanta philosophy in the modern era by giving a new interpretation to the concept of Maya in non-dualism. He also stressed the importance of mystical intuition that transcends the opposition between the subjective and the objective. [Shima Iwa May 21, 2018] "The History of Indian Buddhist Thought" by Radhakrishnan, translated by Mitsunori Saegusa et al., New Edition (2001, Daizo Shuppan) [References] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
インドの政治家、哲学者。南インドで生まれ、マドラス・キリスト教大学を卒業後渡英、オックスフォード大学で学位を取得した。マドラス(現、チェンナイ)にあるプレジデンシー・カレッジ、カルカッタ大学の哲学教授、ベナレス・ヒンドゥー大学の学長(1939~1948)を歴任し、オックスフォード大学教授(1936~1952)にも迎えられた。インド独立後、駐ソ連大使(1949~1952)、副大統領(1952~1962)を務め、1962年には大統領(~1967)に選出された。著作は多く、代表的なものに『インド哲学』2巻(1922~1926)、『ヒンドゥー教的人生観』(1927)、『理想主義的人生観』(1929)、『東洋の諸宗教と西洋思想』(1939)、『バガバッド・ギーター』(1946)、『主要なウパニシャッド』(1953)、『ブラフマ・スートラ』(1960)などがあり、インド政府発行の『東西哲学史』(1952~1953)の総監修者でもあった。比較思想的観点からインド思想の究明に努め、『インド哲学』では、西洋哲学と比較しながらインド哲学を全体にわたって概観し、インド哲学の普遍性を明らかにした。また、『東洋の諸宗教と西洋思想』では、ヒンドゥー教の側から、東西比較思想の基盤を提供した。その哲学的立場はシャンカラ系のベーダーンタ哲学不二一元(ふにいちげん)論にあり、彼は、不二一元論のマーヤー概念に新たな解釈を施して、ベーダーンタ哲学の現代的再生を目ざした。また、主観と客観の対立を超えた神秘的直観の重要性も説いた。 [島 岩 2018年5月21日] 『ラーダークリシュナン著、三枝充悳他訳『インド仏教思想史』新装版(2001・大蔵出版)』 [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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