Cho - Cho

Japanese: 調 - ちょう

[1] 〘 noun 〙① A type of tax under the Ritsuryo system. A poll tax levied on men. They were required to pay one of the following items: silk, silk thread, cotton, or cloth. They could also pay products such as iron, hoes, and salt. The amount of the tax varied according to age, with the Shocho paying one-fourth and the Jichou paying one-half of the amount paid by the Seicho. Seicho also paid a side dish called Mitsugi, but this was abolished in 717. Like the Yo, the Mitsugi was presented to the central government, and the farmers, who were taxpayers, were also responsible for transporting it. Mitsugi. [Ryo Gikai (718) ]② A term used in Japanese and Chinese music. (i) A term used to organize the tones used according to the pitch of the main note. Tones such as Ichikotsucho and Banshikicho . Also, tones such as Miyacho and Shangcho in Chinese music. [Nishinomiya-ki (around 969)] (b) Tuning method. For example, the Fūka-chō and Takuboku- chō of the Gakubiwa. *Yoshino Kisui-in Rakusho (around 1239-1336) "The biwa's tuning is like a _drum , while the Fūka-chō is gorgeous and noble." ③ (Translation of key tonart) In Western music, the tone or structure of the sound that organizes and gives order to the sounds. It is broadly divided into major and minor keys, and the distinctions such as C major and G minor arise depending on the tonic of each. *Shiben (1891) by Uchida Roan "It is the musician who studies sound and measures the progress of tuning ." ④ In sugoroku, when the same number appears on two sai. If they are not the same, it is called han. → Cho. ※Makura (10th century end) 31 "In the tune, the tune rose up."⑤ Meaning tone. (a) Tone of speech. ※Rudandan (1889)〈Koda Rohan〉 9 "Oh, the loud voice is no longer heard, the tone is getting higher and higher, and the harmony is getting fewer." That is why Han'e lamented to Yongmen. (b) Tone of color. ※Shintougo (1900-01)〈Mori Ogai〉 "This red has light and dark shades. It also gradually changes tone ." (c) Mental state. ※Ware kara (1896)〈Higuchi Ichiyo〉 10 "As I play my favorite tune, I and my tone become pitiful."⑥ To mediate or settle an incident or confusion. ※Kinseikibun (1875-81)〈Jono Arihito〉First passage: "If we leave this recent incident to the court and have it discussed in detail, it is unlikely that the rhythm will be bad." [2] [Mnemomology] (attached to nouns) 1. Indicates the rhythm determined by the number of syllables in poetry. For example, "five-seven rhythm." 2. Indicates that the form or characteristics of something expressed fall within that category. (a) Used of words or sentences. For example, "rakugo style" or "translation style." (b) Used of works. For example, "Manyo style" or "Gothic style."

To check/listen [tone]

〘Other Ba Lower 1〙 Shira-bu 〘Other Ba Lower 2〙[1] To adjust the tone. ① To adjust the pitch of an instrument. To tune. To arrange the tone. ※Han Shu Yang Xiong Biography Tenryaku 2nd Year Section (948) "Mu Yu's harmony was like that of a Japanese zither tuning its koto . " ※Genji (around 1001-14), Wakana no Shita "When they had finished, they played so beautifully that they were amazed." ② To play music on an instrument. To play. ※Tonbo ( c . 974), part 2: "I would study the sounds of the koto, biwa, and other instruments that came along from time to time." ※Hōjōki (1212), "I would study and compose on my own, just to soothe my own emotions." ③ To get carried away. To become carried away. ※Makura (end of the 10th century), 28: "It is very unpleasant to talk about things that I have only just heard, as if I had always known them." [2] To see and hear various things in order to clarify things. ① To see and hear various things in an attempt to gain the necessary knowledge. To investigate. To study. ※Tofu Renga Himitsu (1542) "In Renga, the masters of the art of renga are said to be the guides of how to perform it, and every master examines how there is no reincarnation in the way of performing it."② To look around to see if there are any problems. To check. To inspect. ※Umezu Masakage's Diary - March 12, 1612 (Keicho 17) "As I am on exile, I will be bringing my equipment in the future." ※Seidan (around 1727) 2 "When I went out and checked my clothes, I noticed that the straps on my hakama were missing."③ To ask various questions in order to clarify whether something is right or wrong. To investigate. To interrogate. To examine. ※Joruri - Shinju Yoi Koshin (1722) 2 "This is terrible . Everyone already knows that. Is there any need to investigate it now?" [3] To savor. To savor. ① To buy a prostitute. ※Kabuki, Otoko Date Hatsukaisega (1753), part 3: "I've already heard of the prostitute Tora. Please come and check her out." ② To eat. ※Sharebon, Hakomakura (1822), part 3 : "Would anyone like to check her out? To the lord (while he's checking her out, he picks up a dried sea cucumber) and says, "Oh, oh, I'm scared."

Shirabe [tone]

〘 noun 〙 (the noun form of the verb "shiraberu (cho)") [1] The act of setting a tone. The act of playing music. Also, the tone or melody. ① The act of playing music. A performance. Also, the tone. ※Utsubo (c. 970-999), Naishi no Kami "Please do not stop this melody." ※Masakagami (c. 1368-76), 13 "When the sakaki tree of Kasuga is in the Utsushi Palace, the melody of the bamboo threads is bad at this time of year." ② Musical scale. A piece of music. A tune. Also, the tone of the sound. ※Kokin (905-914), Monomyō-shi, 456 "The sound of the waves has been heard especially since this morning. Is it the melody of spring that is being renewed? (Abe Kiyoyuki)" ③ The emotion or tone that can be felt through the expression of music or poetry. ※Nihimanabi (1765) "Poetry in the old days was focused on tune. <Omitted> It was a song that was performed as one wished, but it had a high and upright heart." ※Kakushihon Ukiyoburo (1809-13) 4 "Because at that time, the tune of haiku poems was the main focus." ④ Abbreviation of "shirabe no o" ( tune string). ※Gikeiki (Muromachi period) 5 "I was given a drum for Takuboku's tune, made of rosewood and stretched with sheepskin . " ⑤ In bakabayashi, it refers to a small drum. ※Jiyu Gakko (1950) <Shishi Bunroku> Fudoutou "Even Hori-kun's tombi (flute) was extremely leisurely. Whenever I get too early, the flute chases after the shirobe..." [2] To investigate or clarify something in order to clarify it. ① To see, hear, and confirm various things in order to clarify things. Investigation. Research. *Otsugomori (1894) by Higuchi Ichiyo, Vol. 1: "Even when I'm on an errand, I have to keep an eye on my watch and try to figure out how many steps I've walked, and it's such a painful process." ② To question whether something is right or wrong. Interrogation. Examination. Questioning. Inquiry. *Otogi-zoshi and Wakakusa-monogatari (collected in the Muromachi Period Tales Taisei) (late Muromachi period) "No matter what kind of investigation I do, I would be grateful if I could return to my life."

Cho-zuteu ... [tone]

〘Other Sa Changes〙① To examine. To examine carefully. To investigate. ② To prepare. To prepare. To create. To procure. To prepare. ※Gosen (c. 951-953), Separation, 1324, legend: "I invited a man who had traveled to Michinoku to draw a poem for me." ③ To cook. To prepare food. ※Genji (c. 1001-14), Tokonatsu: "The sweetfish offered from the Western River, the smoky ones from the nearby river, are presented before the Emperor." ④ To remove demons and the like with the power of gods and Buddhas. To pray to subdue evil spirits and the like. To subdue (chobuku) . ※Makura (end of the 10th century) 25 "The sorcerer recited the song in a voice that was strained to the sound of a cicada, but..."⑤ To severely reprimand someone who has committed a crime. To discipline. To punish. ※The Bamboo Cutter (late 9th century - early 10th century) "Prince Kuramochi had him trained until he bled."⑥ To make fun of. To make fun of. To ridicule. ⑦ To train a person or animal. To discipline. ※Essays, Kujakurou Notes (1768) 2 "He broke the dawn and went outside the gate to train the horses." [Additional note] In the example of "The Bamboo Cutter" in ⑤, the Sonkeikaku version has "chausesase," so it can also be seen as "uchizu." Before the Middle Ages, "chause" and "teu" were pronounced differently, so in this dictionary, the example in "The Bamboo Cutter in the Sonkeikaku version" is "uchizu."

White/Mu [tone]

〘Others, lower two〙① = to check (inspect) (one)①※Bai Juyi's Collected Works, Tenei 4th Year (1113) 3 "For a long time, your subordinates have checked the palace's tunes" ※Moss Robe ( around 1271) 2 "I also check the tune of the biwa and other instruments" ② = to check (inspect) (one)②※Utsubo (around 970-999) Kuniyori Lower "The Middle Counselor, you have gone through the mountains to check"

Moon [tone]

〘 noun 'annual tax ' . Tributes. ※Shoki (720) Tenmu 6th year November ( Kitano Honin) "As a result, the taxes were paid to the peasants in the county for a year." ※Man'yoshu (late 8th century) 20.4360 "The ships of the Mito capital, bringing gifts from all over the country, are drawing water from Horie ."

Shirame [tone]

〘Noun〙 (The noun form of the verb "shiramu (chorus)") = shirabe (chorus) (1)②※Ryōjin Hishō (around 1179) 2 "The whiteness of the mountains is the people of Sakura, the whiteness of the sea is the sound of the waves."

Shirabu [tone]

〘Other Ba Lower 2〙 ⇒ Check (tune)

Source: The Selected Edition of the Japanese Language Dictionary About the Selected Edition of the Japanese Language Dictionary Information

Japanese:

[1] 〘名〙① 令制で、租税の一つ。男子に賦課される人頭税。絹・絁(あしぎぬ)・糸・綿・布のうちの一種を納めた。また、鉄・鍬・塩などの産物を納めてもよかった。負担額は年齢により差があり、正丁に対し、少丁は四分の一、次丁は二分の一となっていた。正丁はそのほか、調の副え物を納めたが養老元年（七一七）に廃止された。庸と同じく、調は中央へ貢進され、その運搬も納税者である百姓の義務であった。みつぎ。〔令義解（718）〕② 日本や中国の音楽で用いる語。(イ) 使用される音を、主音の音高によって整理したもの。壱越(いちこつ)調、盤渉(ばんしき)調などの調子。また、中国音楽における宮調・商調などの調子。〔西宮記（969頃）〕(ロ) 調弦法のこと。楽琵琶の風香調・啄木(たくぼく)調など。※吉野吉水院楽書（1239‐1336頃）「琵琶の調は、調子調子に可_レ弾様、風香調ははなやかにけだかく」③ (key Tonart の訳語) 西洋音楽で、音を整理し秩序づけるもとになる音の組織、調子。長調と短調に大別され、それぞれの主音によりハ長調、ト短調などの区別が生じる。※詩辨（1891）〈内田魯庵〉「音(サウンド)の研究を為して調(テウ)の進歩を計るは音楽家にして」④ 双六で、二つの采に同じ目が出ること。不同なものは半という。→丁(ちょう)。※枕（１０Ｃ終）三一「てうばみに、てうおほくうちいでたる」⑤ 調子の意。(イ) 語調。口調。※露団々（1889）〈幸田露伴〉九「嗚呼大声俚耳にいらず、其調(テウ)愈々高くして和する者愈少しとは韓娥が雍門に嘆した所以だ」(ロ) 色調。※心頭語（1900‐01）〈森鴎外〉「この赤色には濃淡あり。又次第にその調(テウ)を変ず」(ハ) 精神的な状況。※われから（1896）〈樋口一葉〉一〇「好みの曲を奏でるに、我れと我が調(テウ)哀れに成りて」⑥ 事件や混乱を調停したり整えたりすること。※近世紀聞（1875‐81）〈条野有人〉初「這回(このたび)の事件を渠に託し箇様々々に議らはせなば、其調(テウ)不調は期し難けれども」[2] 〘語素〙 (名詞に付いて)① 詩歌における音数によるリズムを示す。「五七調」など。② 表現されるものの形式、特徴などがその範疇にはいることを示す。(イ) ことばや文章についていう。「浪曲調」「翻訳調」など。(ロ) 作品についていう。「万葉調」「ゴシック調」など。

しら・べる【調】

〘他バ下一〙しら・ぶ〘他バ下二〙[一] 調子を整える。① 楽器の音律を合わせ整える。調律する。整律する。※漢書楊雄伝天暦二年点（948）「穆羽、和合すること、虁牙が琴を調(シラヘ)たるがごとし」※源氏（1001‐14頃）若菜下「しらべ果てて、をかしきほどに掻きあはせばかり弾きて、まゐらせ給ひつ」② 楽器で音楽を演奏する。かなでる。※蜻蛉（974頃）下「箏(さうのこと)・琵琶など、折にあひたるこゑにしらべなどして」※方丈記（1212）「ひとりしらべ、ひとり詠じて、みづから情(こころ)をやしなふばかりなり」③ 調子にのる。調子づく。※枕（１０Ｃ終）二八「わづかに聞きえたる事をば、我もとより知りたる事のやうに、こと人にも語りしらぶるもいとにくし」[二] 物事をはっきりさせるためにあれこれ見聞きする。① 必要な知識を得ようとしてあれこれ見聞きする。調査する。研究する。※当風連歌秘事（1542）「夫連歌は、行やうの先達好士と云は百韵の行様に輪廻のなき事を何れの好士もしらべ侍る也」② 不都合の点がないかどうか見てまわる。点検する。検査する。※梅津政景日記‐慶長一七年（1612）三月一二日「流役持候間、先々道具を候」※政談（1727頃）二「出掛て衣服をしらぶるに、袴のくくり緒なし」③ 理非曲直をはっきりさせるために、あれこれと問いただす。とりしらべる。糾問する。詮議する。※浄瑠璃・心中宵庚申（1722）下「コレ嚊(かか)。それは誰もしった事。今さらしらべる事かいの」[三] 味わう。賞味する。① 遊女を買う。※歌舞伎・男伊達初買曾我（1753）三「虎といふ遊女は兼て承知して居る。どうぞ下直(げじき)に調べたい」② 食う。食べる。※洒落本・箱まくら（1822）中「どなたもおしらべんか、御先へ（トしらべてゐるうち、煎海鼠(いりこ)を挟みあげて）、ヲヲこわ」

しらべ【調】

〘名〙 (動詞「しらべる（調）」の連用形の名詞化)[一] 調子をととのえること。音楽を奏すること。また、その調子や節まわし。① 音楽をかなでること。演奏。また、その音色。※宇津保（970‐999頃）内侍督「このしらべの手を、とどめ給ふ手なくあそばせ」※増鏡（1368‐76頃）一三「春日の御榊、うつし殿におはしますころにて、糸竹(しちく)のしらべは折あしければ」② 音律。楽曲。曲。また、その音色の調子。※古今（905‐914）物名・四五六「浪の音のけさからことにきこゆるは春のしらべやあらたまるらん〈安倍清行〉」③ 音楽・詩歌の表現を通して感じられる情緒や調子。※にひまなび（1765）「古への歌は調を専とせり。〈略〉おのがじし得たるまにまになる物の、つらぬくに、高く直き心をもてす」※滑稽本・浮世風呂（1809‐13）四「当時俳諧哥の調(シラベ)一面に行はれるから」④ 「しらべ（調）の緒」の略。※義経記（室町中か）五「紫檀の胴に羊の革にて張りたりける啄木(たくぼく)のしらべの鼓を賜はりて」⑤ 馬鹿囃子で、小太鼓をいう。※自由学校（1950）〈獅子文六〉不同調「堀君のトンビ（笛）だって、悠長を極めたものでしたな。早間になるといつも、笛がシラベを追っ掛けてくる…」[二] 物事をはっきりさせるために調査したり、糾明したりすること。① 物事を明らかにするためにいろいろ見聞きして確かめること。調査。研究。※大つごもり（1894）〈樋口一葉〉上「お使ひ先の一寸の間とても時計を目当にして幾足幾町と其しらべの苦るしさ」② 理非曲直をただすこと。尋問。吟味。糺問。詮議。※御伽草子・若草物語（室町時代物語大成所収）（室町末）「いかなる御しらへやらんと、いのちいきてかへらんこともありがたし」

ちょう‐・ずテウ‥【調】

〘他サ変〙① とりしらべる。吟味する。調査する。② ととのえる。こしらえる。つくる。調達する。調製する。※後撰（951‐953頃）離別・一三二四・詞書「みちのくにへまかりける人に扇てうじて歌絵にかかせ侍りける」③ 料理する。調理する。※源氏（1001‐14頃）常夏「西河よりたてまつれる鮎、ちかき河のいしぶしやうのもの、御前にててうしてまゐらす」④ 神仏の力によって、悪魔などを取り除く。邪気などを祈り伏せる。調伏(ちょうぶく)する。※枕（１０Ｃ終）二五「験者の物のけてうずとて〈略〉、せみの声しぼりいだして誦みゐたれど」⑤ 悪事などをはたらいた者を、きびしく戒める。懲らしめる。懲ず。※竹取（９Ｃ末‐１０Ｃ初）「くらもちの皇子、血の流るるまで調せさせ給ふ」⑥ からかう。ばかにする。嘲す。⑦ 人や動物などを訓練する。調練する。※随筆・孔雀楼筆記（1768）二「暁を侵して門外へ出て馬を調(テウ)す」[補注]⑤の「竹取」例は、尊経閣本には「ちゃうせさせ」とあるので、「打ず」とも見られる。中世以前では、「ちゃう」「てう」に発音上開合の別があるので、本辞典では「尊経閣本竹取」の例は「打ず」とした。

しら・む【調】

〘他マ下二〙① ＝しらべる（調）(一)①※白氏文集天永四年点（1113）三「長く爾が輩をして宮徴を調(シラメ)しむ」※苔の衣（1271頃）二「我も琵琶などその調子にしらめたまふ」② ＝しらべる（調）(一)②※宇津保（970‐999頃）国譲下「中納言、山もりめしてしらめさせ給ふ」

つき【調】

〘名〙年貢(ねんぐ)。貢物。みつぎもの。※書紀（720）天武六年一一月（北野本訓）「因て郡の内の百姓に給復(ツキゆる)したまふこと、一年」※万葉（８Ｃ後）二〇・四三六〇「四方の国より奉るみ都奇(ツキ)の船は堀江より水脈引(みをび)きしつつ」

しらめ【調】

〘名〙 (動詞「しらむ（調）」の連用形の名詞化) ＝しらべ（調）(一)②※梁塵秘抄（1179頃）二「やまのしらめはさくら人、うみのしらめはなみのおと」

しら・ぶ【調】

〘他バ下二〙 ⇒しらべる（調）

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To check/listen [tone]

Shirabe [tone]

Cho-zuteu ... [tone]

White/Mu [tone]

Moon [tone]

Shirame [tone]

Shirabu [tone]

しら・べる【調】

しらべ【調】

ちょう‐・ず テウ‥【調】

しら・む【調】

つき【調】

しらめ【調】

しら・ぶ【調】

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ちょう‐・ずテウ‥【調】