A stagnation point is a point in a flow where the velocity of a fluid is zero. When there is an object in a flow, a stagnation point usually exists where the flow on the surface of the object strikes it vertically, and the streamlines branch off at that point. According to Bernoulli's theorem, if the effects of gravity are ignored, the relationship between the flow velocity q , the fluid pressure p , and the density ρ (constant) is ρ q 2 /2 + p = p 0 (constant). Since q = 0 at the stagnation point, the pressure is equal to the total pressure p 0. A Pitot tube is a device that measures the difference between the pressure p 0 at the stagnation point and the static pressure p of the flow to determine the flow velocity q . Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
流れの中で流体の速度がゼロとなる点をいう。流れの中に物体がある場合,たいていは物体表面の流れが垂直に突当る場所によどみ点が存在し,そこで流線が分岐する。ベルヌーイの定理によれば,重力の影響を無視した場合,流速 q ,流体の圧力 p ,密度ρ (一定) の間には関係式 ρq2/2+p=p0 (一定) が成り立つ。よどみ点では q=0 であるから,圧力は総圧 p0 に等しい。よどみ点の圧力 p0 と流れの静圧 p との差をはかって流速 q を求める装置がピトー管である。
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