The effect of the standards of a labor agreement regulating the content of the labor contract of each worker. Any part of a labor contract that violates the standards for working conditions and other treatment of workers set out in the labor agreement is invalid, and that part is governed by the standards of the collective agreement (Labor Union Law, Article 16). This effect consists of a first effect (mandatory effect) that invalidates the part of the labor contract that violates the collective agreement, and a second effect (direct effect) that supplements the invalid part or the part not specified in the labor contract with the collective agreement. In Germany, the "favorable principle" that labor contracts that exceed the standards of the collective agreement are not invalid is recognized, but in Japan this is generally rejected. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
労働協約の基準が個々の労働者の労働契約内容を規律する効力。労働協約に定められた労働条件その他の労働者の待遇に関する基準に違反する労働契約の部分は無効となり,その部分は協約の基準によるというもの (労働組合法 16) 。この効力は協約違反の労働契約の部分を無効とする第1の効力 (強行的効力) と,この無効となった部分や労働契約に定めのない部分を協約によって補完する第2の効力 (直律的効力) とから成る。なおドイツでは,協約基準を上回る労働契約は無効とならないという「有利原則」が認められているが,日本では一般に否定されている。
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