Zenobia (English spelling)

Japanese: ゼノビア（英語表記）Zēnobia

[raw]?
[Died] Queen of the ancient caravan city-state of Palmyra (reigned 267/268-272). Full name Septimia Zēnobia, Aramaic name Bat Zabbai. Palmyra was originally a vassal state of Rome, but after the assassination of her husband Odenathus, she supported her own son Vabaratus (Greek name Athenodorus) and took real power. Taking advantage of the conflict between Rome and the Sassanid Empire, she ruled Syria, Asia Minor, Mesopotamia, and parts of Egypt, and built a caravan empire. She had her son falsely proclaim himself "ruler of the whole Orient" (emperor), but was defeated by the then Roman emperor Aurelian in the battles of Antioch and Emesa, and was taken prisoner in 272 and sent to Rome. The following year, 273, a rebellion broke out in Palmyra, but it was suppressed and destroyed by the Roman army. She was influenced by Greek culture and modeled her military systems on those of Arabia and Rome. She was skilled in scheming, praised for her beauty, loved philosophy and poetry, had the philosopher C. Longinus as her advisor, and was tolerant of both Jews and Christians. She was honored at the triumphal procession of Emperor Aurelian, but according to one theory, she was later pardoned, married a senator, and lived permanently in the Tivoli estate.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

[生]?
[没]274以後
古代の隊商都市国家パルミラの女王（在位 267/268～272）。フルネーム Septimia Zēnobia，アラム語名バット・ザッバイ。パルミラはもともとローマの臣従国であったが，夫オデナトゥス暗殺後，実子ウァバラツス（ギリシア名アテノドロス）を擁立して実権を握り，ローマとササン朝ペルシアの対立抗争に乗じて，シリア，小アジア，メソポタミア，エジプトの一部を支配し，隊商帝国を築いた。子に「全オリエントの統治者」（皇帝）を僭称させたが，当時のローマ皇帝アウレリアヌスにアンチオキアとエメサの戦いで敗れ，272年捕虜となってローマに送られた。翌 273年パルミラで反乱が起こったが，ローマ軍に制圧され滅ぼされた。ギリシア文化を受容し，アラビアとローマの軍制を範とした。策謀にたけ，美貌をうたわれ，哲学・詩を愛し，哲学者 C.ロンギヌスを相談役とし，ユダヤ人，キリスト教徒にも寛大であった。アウレリアヌス帝の凱旋式に引き立てられたが，一説によると，のちに許されて元老院議員に嫁し，チボリの荘園に永住した。

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