Josephus, Flavius

Japanese: ヨセフス（英語表記）Josephus， Flavius

[Born] 37/38. Jerusalem
Died around 100. Roman Jewish priest and historian. His Jewish name was Joseph Ben Matthias. After three years of training in the wilderness from the age of 16, he returned to Jerusalem and became a member of the pro-Roman Pharisees. In 64, he went to Rome as an envoy, where he became acquainted with Emperor Nero's second wife and was impressed by the military power of Rome. He returned to Rome on the eve of the Jewish War (66-70), was appointed commander in Galilee, and defended his base to the death, but was defeated and was taken prisoner by the future Emperor Vespasian. When Vespasian ascended to the throne in 69, Josephus, who had predicted this, was released and served him under the emperor's surname Flavius. In 70, he accompanied the army of the emperor's son Titus in the siege of Jerusalem, and tried to mediate between the two sides, but was unsuccessful. After the fall of Jerusalem, he stayed in Rome and devoted himself to writing under the protection of the emperor. His major works include Bellum Judaicum (7 volumes, 75-79) and Antiquitates Judaicae (20 volumes, 93).

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

[生]37/38. エルサレム
[没]100頃.ローマ
ユダヤの祭司，歴史家。ユダヤ名 Joseph Ben Matthias。 16歳から3年間荒野で修行したのち，エルサレムに帰り，親ローマ的なパリサイ派に属した。 64年使節としてローマにおもむき，ネロ帝の第2夫人の知遇を得，ローマの軍事力に感銘した。ユダヤ戦争 (66～70) 前夜に帰国，ガリラヤ方面の司令官に任じられて拠点を死守したが敗れて，のちの皇帝ウェスパシアヌスの捕虜となった。 69年ウェスパシアヌスが即位すると，これを予言したヨセフスは解放され，以後皇帝の姓フラウィウスを名のって彼に仕え，70年のエルサレム攻囲には皇帝の子チツスの軍に従って参加，両軍の仲介に努力したが成功せず，エルサレム陥落後は，ローマに滞在して皇帝の庇護のもと著作に専念した。主著は，『ユダヤ戦記』 Bellum Judaicum (7巻，75～79) ，『ユダヤ古代史』 Antiquitates Judaicae (20巻，93) 。

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