Takeuchi Style

It is one of the styles that played a role as the origin of early modern jujutsu, and is a martial art that includes not only jujutsu but also spears, naginata, and bojo. It is said to have been founded in 1532 (Tenbun 1) by Takeuchi Nakatsukasadayu Hisamori, a native of Haganosho, Kume County, Sakushu (Okayama Prefecture). As this technique is called 'Kogusoku Koshi no Mawari' (small armor and waist wrapping), it was not a later type of bare-handed martial art, but was devised as a technique for winning combat on the battlefield. According to family tradition, Hisamori had a love of martial arts from childhood, and in June of that year, while he was praying to the Atago god he worshiped for enlightenment in martial arts, a strange being with the appearance of a mountain ascetic appeared to him in his sleep. He first cut a 2' 4" wooden sword in two to make a small knife, and used this to teach him the art of kogusoku. He then took a 7' 5" long kudzu rope and demonstrated the technique of swiftly entangling and capturing a warrior. He then bestowed upon him five articles of the koshi no Mawari technique, a combat technique.

Hisamori's son, Hitachinosuke Hisakatsu (the second generation), and his son, Kaganosuke Hisayoshi (the third generation), further refined their methods, and together they went to Kyoto, where they received the title of Hinoshita Hoshukaisan (founder of the Kusaka Torite), and by the end of the Kan'ei era (around 1640), they had created a system of instruction consisting of 25 Koshi-mawari rules, 65 Oral rules, and 5 Torite rules. After returning to Japan, Hisayoshi served his feudal lord, Mori Nagatsugu of Tsuyama, and was awarded a stipend of 500 koku, teaching at a dojo in the castle town. In his later years, he handed it over to his second son, Hisakatsu, and returned to farming in Iwago, where he died in 1671 (Kanbun 11) at the age of 69. Hisayoshi's third son, Fujiichiro Hisaji, succeeded him as the head of the family for the fourth generation, and the following generations well protected the family business until the Meiji era, but during this time, in both the Kyoho era (1716-36) and the Tenpo era (1830-44), the family was in danger of being cut off due to a lack of a suitable candidate to pass on the tradition to a single son. During the Kyoho era, Yoshimura Hyosuke Futomo, a samurai of Tsuyama Domain, and during the Tenpo era, Ikeuchi Gamonta Hisasue, a samurai of Awaji Sumoto Domain, continued to make dedicated efforts as guardians, and they overcame the crisis and made a great contribution in avoiding the style being cut off. Among the other branches that branched off from this school are the Takamatsu Goryugi, which was founded by Hisatsugu's second son, Toudayu Hisatomo, who served Matsudaira Yorishige of Takamatsu in Sanshu and studied the sword techniques of various schools, earning his trust; the Takeuchi Santo-ryu, which flourished in the Kumamoto domain; and the Sosui Shitsu-ryu, which was founded by Futagami Hannojo of Chikuzen.

[Ichiro Watanabe]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

近世柔術の源流的役割を担った流儀の一つで、柔術のほか槍(やり)、薙刀(なぎなた)、棒杖(ぼうじょう)などを含む兵法武術。1532年（天文1）、作州（岡山県）久米(くめ)郡垪和庄(はがのしょう)の人、竹内中務大夫久盛(たけのうちなかつかさだゆうひさもり)の創始と伝える。その術は「小具足腰廻(こぐそくこしのまわり)」の名でよばれるように、後世の徒手(としゅ)本位（無手(むて)）の格技ではなく、戦場組討に勝ちを収める術として編み出されたもので、家伝によれば、久盛は幼少より兵法を好み、この年6月、日ごろ信仰する愛宕(あたご)の神に武術の開悟を祈念するうち、夢中に修験者風の異相の者が現れ、まず2尺4寸の木刀を二つに切って小刀とし、これを用いて小具足の術を教え、ついで長さ7尺5寸の葛縄(かずらなわ)をとって、速やかに武者をからめ捕る捕手(ほしゅ)の術を示し、さらに腰の廻りという組討の術5か条を授けたという。

　久盛の子、常陸介(ひたちのすけ)久勝（2代）、その子加賀介(かがのすけ)久吉(ひさよし)（3代）はさらにくふうを重ね、ともに京都に出て、日下捕手開山(ひのしたほしゅかいさん)の称号を受け、寛永(かんえい)の末ごろ（1640ころ）までに、腰の廻り25か条、同じく口伝65か条、捕手5か条からなる伝授体系をつくりあげた。久吉は帰国ののち、領主の津山藩主森長継に仕え、500石を賜り、城下の道場で教授したが、晩年は二男久且(ひさかつ)にこれを譲り、垪和郷に帰農し1671年（寛文11）69歳で没した。久吉の三男の藤一郎久次が宗家4代を継ぎ、以下代々よく家業を守って明治に及んだが、この間享保(きょうほう)（1716～36）、天保(てんぽう)（1830～44）の両度、一子相伝の適任者に恵まれず、宗家断絶の危機にみまわれている。享保年間には津山藩士の吉村兵助扶儔(すけとも)が、天保のそれには淡路(あわじ)洲本(すもと)藩の池内雅門太久居(がもんたひさすえ)が、後見役として献身的な努力を続け、よくその危機をしのぎ、流儀の断絶を回避した功績は大といわなければならない。なお、同流から分派したものとして、久次の二男藤大夫久儔(とうだゆうひさとも)が讃州(さんしゅう)高松の松平頼重(よりしげ)に仕え、その信任を得て各派刀術を研究して創立した高松御流儀(たかまつごりゅうぎ)、熊本藩で栄えた竹内三統流(たけうちさんとうりゅう)、筑前(ちくぜん)の二上半之丞(ふたがみはんのじょう)が始めた双水執流(そうすいしつりゅう)などが有名である。

［渡邉一郎］

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