Duty execution order - Duty execution order

Japanese: 職務執行命令 - しょくむしっこうめいれい

An administrative supervision order issued when the management and execution of national affairs (agency delegated affairs) carried out by a prefectural governor or mayor of a city, town, or village violates the provisions of laws and regulations or the disposition of a higher organ. It was abolished with the enforcement of the Omnibus Law for the Promotion of Local Autonomy in 2000 (amendment of the Local Autonomy Law). Mandate orders were issued by the competent minister to prefectural governors and by the prefectural governor to mayors after recommendations. If these orders were not carried out, a mandate order lawsuit could be filed to order the execution of the matter, and if the order was still not carried out, a substitute execution could be carried out afterwards. With the amendment of the Local Autonomy Law in 1991, the requirements for issuing a mandate order were tightened, mandate order lawsuits were reduced from two trials to one, and the system of dismissal of governors and mayors was abolished. In 2000, the mandate order lawsuit system was abolished along with the agency delegated affairs, and the competent minister's command and supervision authority over governors and mayors was also abolished, but a substitute execution system similar to the mandate order lawsuit system is in place for statutory entrusted affairs.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

都道府県知事または市町村長が担う国の事務（機関委任事務）の管理，執行が，法令の規定もしくは上級機関の処分に違反するときに発せられた行政監督上の命令。2000年地方分権推進一括法の施行（地方自治法の改正）により廃止された。職務執行命令は都道府県知事には主務大臣が，市長村長には都道府県知事が勧告をしたうえで行なった。これらの命令が履行されないときは，当該事項を行なうべきことを命ずる旨の職務執行命令訴訟を請求し，なお履行しないときはその後に代執行をすることができた。1991年の地方自治法の改正により，職務執行命令の発動の要件が厳格化されるとともに，職務執行命令訴訟が従来の 2回裁判から 1回裁判となり，知事・市町村長の罷免制度が廃止された。2000年機関委任事務とともに職務執行命令訴訟制度も廃止され，主務大臣の知事・市町村長に対する指揮監督権もなくなったが，法定受託事務に関しては職務執行命令訴訟制度と同様の代執行制度が設けられている。

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