A horizontal cavity inside a solidified lava flow. It often occurs in low-viscosity basaltic lava flows. The surface and bottom layers of a lava flow cool and solidify quickly when they come into contact with the air or ground, so the lava continues to flow down the middle part. When the supply of lava stops, the lava breaks through the outer shell and leaves a cavity where the lava flow passed, creating a lava tunnel. Small ones are called lava tubes. Lava stalactites hang from the ceiling of the lava tunnel, and lava stalagmites can sometimes be seen on the floor directly below. It is said that in some places, the ice in the lava tunnel that freezes in winter does not melt all year round because the cold air cannot be replaced by the warm air in summer. There are many lava tunnels called Fuketsu and Otainai at the northwest foot of Mt. Fuji. [Shingo Juen] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
固化した溶岩流の内部にある横穴状の空洞。粘性の低い玄武岩質溶岩流に発逹することが多い。溶岩流は表層部や底層部が、空気や地面に触れて早く冷却固結するので、その中間部を流下し続けるが、溶岩流の供給がやむと外殻を破って流出した溶岩流の通路跡に空洞を残し、溶岩トンネルを生じる。小規模のものは溶岩チューブlava tubeとよばれる。溶岩トンネルの天井には溶岩鍾乳石(しょうにゅうせき)が垂下し、その真下の床には溶岩石筍(せきじゅん)をみることもある。冬季に凍った溶岩トンネル中の氷は、冷気が夏季の暖気と置き換えられないため、一年中融(と)けないところもあるといわれている。富士山の北西麓(ろく)には、風穴(ふうけつ)・御胎内(おたいない)などとよばれる溶岩トンネルが多い。 [壽圓晋吾] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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