Shoku Nihongi - Shoku Nihongi

A history book commissioned by imperial decree following the "Nihon Shoki." It has 40 volumes and is the second of the "Six National Histories." It chronologically describes the 95 years from 697 (the 1st year of Emperor Mommu's reign) to 791 (the 10th year of Enryaku). All 40 volumes were completed and presented in 797 (the 16th year of Enryaku), but the editing process leading up to that is complicated. The outline of the book is known from a petition by Fujiwara no Tsugutada dated August 13, the 13th year of Enryaku, included in the "Ruijukokushi," and a petition by Sugano no Mamichi dated February 13, the 16th year of Enryaku, found in the "Nihon Koki." The drafts of the first half, covering the period from the reign of Emperor Mommu to the reign of Emperor Shomu, were prepared relatively early, and by the time of the reign of Emperor Kōken, this was compiled into 30 volumes together with the Chronicles of Empress Kōken. However, the problematic volume 1, which dealt with the year 757 (Tenpyo Hōji 1), was subsequently lost, and Ishikawa Natari, Oumi Mifune, Taima Nagatsugu and others revised the remaining 29 volumes and presented them to the reign of Emperor Kōnin. The latter part, covering the period from 758 to 777 (8th year of the Hōki era), was compiled into 20 volumes by Ishikawa Natari and Kamitsukenuno Okawa during the reign of Emperor Kōnin, and was revised into 14 volumes by Fujiwara Tsugutsuna, Sugano Shinmichi, and Akishino Yasuhito during the reign of Emperor Kanmu. The remaining part, covering the period from 778 to 791, was compiled into 6 volumes by Tsugutsuna, Shinmichi, and Nakashinano Kotsuo, making the total from 758 onwards into 20 volumes. The same people also revised the first 29 volumes, rewrote the lost volumes, and recompiled the entire collection into 20 volumes. In this way, a total of 40 volumes were completed. However, Tsugutsuna died the year before the presentation. The contents are faithful to the original historical materials and are reliable, but there are some overlapping articles and errors in the order of the articles. The oldest manuscript is the Kanazawa Bunko edition from the Kamakura period (owned by Hosa Bunko). It is included in the Kokushi Taikei. Commentaries include the Shoku Nihongi Kosho by Murao Gen'yū and the Kaneda Shoku Nihongi with Critical Annotations by Saeki Ariyoshi.

[Naoki Kojiro]

"Six National Histories" by Taro Sakamoto (1970, Yoshikawa Kobunkan)

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

『日本書紀』に続く勅撰(ちょくせん)の歴史書。40巻。「六国史(りっこくし)」の2番目。697年（文武天皇1）より791年（延暦10）に至る95年間を編年体で叙述する。797年（延暦16）に全40巻が完成・奏上されたが、それまでの編集過程は複雑である。その概要は、『類聚国史(るいじゅうこくし)』所収の延暦(えんりゃく)13年8月13日付けの藤原継縄(つぐただ)の上表文と、『日本後紀(こうき)』にみえる延暦16年2月13日付けの菅野真道(すがののまみち)の上表文によって知られる。前半の文武(もんむ)朝より聖武(しょうむ)朝に至る部分の草稿は比較的早くつくられ、光仁(こうにん)朝ごろまでに孝謙(こうけん)天皇紀とあわせて30巻に編集されたが、その後、問題の多い757年（天平宝字1）を扱った1巻が紛失し、光仁朝に石川名足(いしかわのなたり)、淡海三船(おうみのみふね)、当麻永嗣(たいまのながつぐ)らが残りの29巻に補修を加えて奏上した。後半の部分は758年から777年（宝亀8）までが、光仁朝に石川名足、上毛野大川(かみつけぬのおおかわ)らによって20巻に編述され、桓武(かんむ)朝に藤原継縄、菅野真道、秋篠安人(あきしののやすひと)らがこれを修正して14巻とし、続く778年から791年までの部分は、継縄、真道、中科巨都雄(なかしなのこつお)らにより6巻に編集され、758年以降の部分はあわせて20巻となった。また同じ人々は前半の29巻を修正するとともに、紛失した巻を改めて撰述し、あわせて20巻に編集し直した。こうして前後合計40巻が完成した。ただし継縄は奏上の前年に死去した。記事内容は、根本史料に忠実で信頼しうるが、一部に記事の重複や配列の誤りもある。古写本では鎌倉時代の金沢(かねさわ)文庫本（蓬左(ほうさ)文庫蔵）が最古。『国史大系』所収。注釈書には村尾元融著『続日本紀考証』、佐伯有義著『校訂標注続日本紀』がある。

［直木孝次郎］

『坂本太郎著『六国史』（1970・吉川弘文館）』

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