Born: June 26, 1937 in Washington, DC
[Died] February 19, 2013. Robert Coleman Richardson, physicist from Ithaca, New York. Full name: Robert Coleman Richardson. He received his PhD from Duke University in 1966 and joined Cornell University in 1967. He served as director of the Cornell University Laboratory of Atomic Solid State Physics from 1990 to 1997 and as first vice president of Cornell University from 1998 to 2007. In 1972, he was a senior research scientist at the Low Temperature Laboratory at Cornell University Ithaca with David M. Lee, studying the properties of helium-3 ( 3He ). When the two cooled samples of helium-3 to a temperature only a few thousandths of a degree Celsius below absolute zero (-273.15°C) and measured their pressures, Douglas D. Osheroff, a graduate student on the research team, noticed a slight but sudden change in pressure. This was the result of a phase transition to a superfluid state (→Superfluid helium-3). In this state, helium-3 obeys the laws of quantum mechanics, making it possible to directly study quantum effects in macroscopic, visible systems, which had previously been studied indirectly with invisible particles such as molecules and atoms. For this work, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics along with Lee and Osheroff in 1996. Richardson
Richardson, Henry Handel Born January 3, 1870 in Melbourne
[Died] March 20, 1946. Fairlight, Sussex. Australian female writer. Born Ethel Florence Lindesay Richardson. In 1888, she went to Germany to study music, then moved to England, spending the rest of her life abroad. After marrying JG Robertson (later a professor at the University of London), she gave up on becoming a pianist and turned to writing. After publishing translations of Scandinavian authors such as JP Jacobsen and BM Björnson, she published her debut novel, Maurice Guest (1908), based on her experiences as a student in Leipzig. Her most famous work is the trilogy The Fortunes of Richard Mahony (17-29), which broadly captures the situation in 19th century Australia and traces the life of her father, who emigrated from Ireland. Richardson
Richardson, Tony Born: June 5, 1928, Shipley, Yorkshire
[Died] November 14, 1991, Los Angeles British stage director and film director. While studying at Oxford University, he was president of the University Dramatic Society (OUDS) and directed plays. In 1956, he became a director for the British Stage Company, directing plays such as Look Back in Anger (1956) and The Member of the Wedding (57) at the Royal Court Theatre. Other notable works include A Taste of Honey (60), Luther (61), Changeling (61), and The Seagull (64). He also directed films such as Look Back in Anger (58), Saturday Night and Sunday Morning (60), A Taste of Honey (61), The Loneliness of the Long Distance Runner (62), and The Great Adventure of Tom Jones (63, Academy Award for Best Director). He then moved to the American film industry, but lost his luster. Richardson
Richardson, Samuel Born: August 19, 1689. Baptised: Mackworth
Died July 4, 1761. Parsons Greene, British novelist. He started out as a successful publisher in London, but after compiling a collection of model letters, he wrote the epistolary novel Pamela (1740), which brought him instant fame. This work captured the attention of the emerging middle class with its civic moral tone and realistic depictions, and became one of the most important works of early English fiction. His next work, Clarissa: Or, The History of a Young Lady (1747-48), was a major work written in an even more complex style. The History of Sir Charles Grandison (1753-54) is marked by a moral tone and tends to be somewhat lengthy. Richardson
Richardson, Sir Owen Willans Born: 26 April 1879, Dewsbury
[Died] February 15, 1959. Alton, Hampshire. British physicist. Graduated from Cambridge University. Moved to the United States in 1906 and became a professor at Princeton University. After returning to the United States, he became a professor at King's College, London (1914) and a professor emeritus at the University of London (44). He discovered the law regarding thermionic emission from heated metals (Richardson's Law), and made important contributions to the development of vacuum tube technology, paving the way for today's age of wireless broadcasting. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1928 and knighted in 1939. Richardson
Richardson, Jonathan Born: 1665, London
[Died] May 18, 1745. London. British painter. He studied under J. Riley and mainly painted portraits in a heavy but somewhat stiff style. He participated in the founding of the St. Martin's Lane Academy, the predecessor of the Royal Academy. His major work is "Portrait of George Virtue" (1738, National Portrait Gallery, London). He is better known for his art theory, and his main work, "The Theory of Painting" (15), had a great influence on the young J. Reynolds and others. Richardson
Richardson, Dorothy Miller Born: May 17, 1873, Abingdon, Berkshire
Died: June 17, 1957. Beckenham, Kent. British female writer. One of the founders of the "stream of consciousness" technique. Her most famous work is the 12-volume series Pilgrimage (completed in 38), which begins with Pointed Roofs (1915), and follows the life of the central character Miriam Henderson over a period of 17 years, recording her psychological movements and the succession of her experiences as they occur. Richardson
Richardson, Henry Hobson Born: September 29, 1838 in Louisiana
Died April 27, 1886. Boston American architect. After graduating from Harvard University in 1859, he studied architecture at the École des Beaux-Arts in Paris, and returned to Japan in 1865. He established his own unique style, moving from Neoclassicism to Victorian Gothic and then Romanesque, eliminating ornamentation and adopting a simple composition of curved surfaces and straight lines. His representative works include Trinity Cathedral in Boston (1873-77), which was selected in a design competition in 1872. Richardson
Richardson, Sir Ralph Born: December 19, 1902, Gloucester, Cheltenham
[Died] October 10, 1983, London. British actor. He made his stage debut in London in 1921, and appeared in many Shakespeare plays at the Old Big Theatre from 1930 to 1939. His best roles included Henry V, Falstaff, Brutus, Iago, and Othello. He also gave outstanding performances in films such as The Heiress (1949), The Fallen Idol (1952), and Doctor Zhivago (1965). Richardson
Richardson, Charles Lenox [raw]?
[Died] September 14, 1862.
British merchant, victim of the Namamugi Incident. After staying in China for over a decade, he came to Japan for sightseeing in 1862 on his way home. On a short horseback trip to Kawasaki Daishi with Marshall, a British thread merchant living in Yokohama, Clark, an American trading company employee, and a tourist named Mrs. Borrodale, he encountered Shimazu Hisamitsu's procession and was killed by his retainer, a samurai of the Satsuma Domain, in Namamugi, Kanagawa. (→ Anglo-Satsuma War) Richardson
Richardson A city in northeastern Texas, USA. Settled around 1853. In 1872, the Houston Texas Central Railroad was allowed to pass through the city, and the city was laid out and renamed after the president of the railroad company at the time. It is a residential city north of Dallas, and is home to many research laboratories related to petroleum and food. There is also an electrical appliance factory. Population 74,840 (1990). Richardson
Richardson, Jack Born February 18, 1935 in New York, he was an American playwright. His works include Prodigal (1960), based on Greek drama and depicting Orestes' refusal to seek revenge, and Gallows Humor (1961), which explores the meaning of life and death by contrasting the life of a death row inmate in his cell with the home of his executioner. Richardson
Richardson, John Born October 4, 1796, Fort George, Canada
[Died] May 12, 1852. New York. A British-Canadian author who wrote many historical novels, war stories, epic poems, and travelogues, drawing on his experience of being taken prisoner during the 1821 War of 1821. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
