The capital of Yaroslavl Oblast in western Russia. It is a river port city on the Volga River downstream of the artificial lake Rybinsk, about 250 km northeast of Moscow. It is one of Russia's ancient capitals, said to have been founded by Yaroslav I (the Wise) in 1010, and has been mentioned in chronicles since 1071. It prospered as a key point for shipping along the Volga River to the fur-hunting areas in the east. It was captured by the Tatars in 1238, Ivan I (Kalita) in 1332, and Novgorod in 1371, but recovered quickly each time. In 1722, the Yaroslavl Textile Factory, one of the early large industrial enterprises in Russia, was established, and in the 18th century, it developed mainly in the textile industry. It is an important producer of flax in Russia. Other industries include oil refining, synthetic rubber, asbestos products, paints, dyes, diesel engines, paper-making machinery, lumber, leather, and food. The city is home to Yaroslavl University (1971), technical, medical and pedagogical universities, Russia's first theater (1750), historical and archaeological museums, art museums and many other historical buildings. In 2005, the city was registered as a UNESCO World Heritage Site as part of the Yaroslavl City Historic District. It is a junction for railways and highways. Population: 591,486 (2010). Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
ロシア西部,ヤロスラブリ州の州都。モスクワの北東約 250km,ルイビンスク人造湖の下流のボルガ川に臨む河港都市。ロシアの古都の一つで,1010年ヤロスラフ1世 (賢公) が建設したといわれ,年代記には 1071年から記載されており,東方の毛皮獣狩猟地帯へいたるボルガ川水運の要地として繁栄していた。 1238年タタール人,1332年イワン1世 (カリタ) ,1371年ノブゴロドにより攻略されたが,いずれも復興は早かった。 1722年,ロシアにおける工業の初期の大企業の一つであるヤロスラブリ大織物工場が発足,18世紀には繊維工業を中心に発展した。ロシアでも重要なアマ織物の生産地。そのほか,製油,合成ゴム,アスベスト製品,塗料,染料,ディーゼル機関,製紙用機械,製材,皮革,食品などの工業も行なわれる。ヤロスラブリ大学 (1971) をはじめ,工科,医科,教育の各大学,ロシア最初の劇場 (1750) ,歴史・考古学博物館,美術館などがあり,歴史的建築物が数多く保存されている。 2005年ヤロスラブリ市街歴史地区として世界遺産の文化遺産に登録された。鉄道,ハイウェーの分岐点。人口 59万1486(2010)。
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