Birka (English spelling)

Japanese: ビルカ(英語表記)Birka
Birka (English spelling)
Sweden's oldest city is located on the island of Björkö in Lake Mälaren in central-eastern Sweden. Founded by the Vikings around 800, it developed as an important Viking base in the mid-9th century and flourished as Sweden's leading trading center for about a century after that. Excavations have proven that the city had trade relations not only with Northern European countries, but also with all over the world, from England and the Byzantine Empire to China. However, due to changes in trade routes and other factors, it rapidly declined and became a ruin at the end of the 10th century. The seaside town protected by a castle wall is now nothing but rubble, but on the east side of the town is the remains of the country's largest communal cemetery, with over 2,500 gravestones and grave markers inscribed with runes. In 1993, it was registered as a World Heritage Site along with Hovgården on the island of Adelsjö.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
スウェーデン中東部,メーラレン湖のビョルケー島にあるスウェーデン最古の都市。 800年頃バイキングによって建設された都市で,9世紀中期にはバイキングの重要拠点として発展,その後約1世紀の間スウェーデン随一の交易地として隆盛をきわめた。北ヨーロッパ諸国はもとより,イングランド,ビザンチン帝国から中国にいたる世界各地と交易関係をもっていたことが,発掘品から証明された。しかし 10世紀末には交易ルートの変化などによって,急速に衰退し廃墟と化した。城壁に守られた海辺の町は現在瓦礫が残るだけであるが,町の東側にはルーン文字が刻まれた墓石や墓標 2500あまりが並ぶ同国最大の共同墓地跡がある。 1993年アデルスユー島のホーブゴーデンとともに世界遺産の文化遺産として登録。

出典 ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典について 情報

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