Water rights

Japanese: 水利権 - すいりけん
Water rights

The right to use water exclusively and exclusively. Water is allocated based on water rights. The content of water rights is to take a certain amount of water at a certain time. There are various rules for adjusting conflicts in water rights, such as old fields' priority, upstream priority, and vested rights priority. Water rights are generally established by custom or permission. Customary water rights are recognized as rights that were established as local customs mainly for securing water for agricultural use, and today are considered to be granted permission under the River Law. Water rights for industrial and drinking water are granted by permission to occupy flowing water under Article 23 of the River Law. New water rights are granted on the condition that they do not harm vested water rights. In light of the current situation in which water demand is increasing while irrigation water rights are becoming surplus with the progress of residential development, there is a growing opinion that agricultural water rights should be redirected to urban and industrial water use, based on the idea of ​​reconciling water rights or rationalizing customary water rights.

[Yasuhito Abe]

[Reference] | Water Use Practices

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

水を排他的、独占的に使用することができる権利。水の配分は水利権に基づいて行われる。水利権の内容は、一定の時期に一定量の水を取水することである。水利権の衝突調整の方法としては、古田優先、上流優先、既得権優先など、種々のルールがある。水利権は一般に慣行または許可により成立する。慣行水利権は、おもに農業用水確保のために地方の慣行として固定化したものが、権利として承認されたもので、今日では河川法の許可を与えられたものとみなされている。工業・上水道用水の水利権は河川法第23条による流水占用の許可により与えられる。新規の水利権は既得の水利権を害しないことを条件に与えられる。今日水需要が増加する一方、灌漑(かんがい)用水権が宅地化の進展とともに余っているという現状に照らし、水利権相互の調整ないし慣行水利権の合理化の考え方のもとに、農業水利権を都市・工業用水に振り向けるべきものとの意見も有力になっている。

[阿部泰隆]

[参照項目] | 水利慣行

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