bey

Japanese: bey

The second half of the 16th century saw some expansion, including the conquest of Cyprus (1571), but the expansion of the empire finally stagnated in the face of a counterattack by the Habsburg dynasty and other European powers (the Austro-Turkish Wars), as symbolized by the Battle of Lepanto (1571).
[Politics, Administration]
At the beginning of the state, rulers called ghazis or beys took the title of sultan from the third sultan Murad I (reigned 1362-89), onwards, but Persian and Turkish titles such as pādişāh (meaning protector king) and hākān (meaning great khan) were also used. There was no regulation of succession to the throne, and conflicts were constant, so Mehmed II (reigned 1444-46, 1451-81) legalised the practice of fratricide after the accession of the sultan.

From [Beg]

…A title meaning "chief" or "ruler." It has various uses depending on the region and time period, and there are many variations in the word, such as bag, bek, bey, and bi, but all of them can be traced back to the ancient Turkish word bag. It is not an original Turkish word, but a loanword from other languages, and there are two theories about its origin: one is that it comes from the Persian word bag (sacred) and the other is that it comes from the Chinese word bo. …

*Some of the terminology explanations that mention "bey" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…16世紀後半，キプロス島の征服(1571)など若干の領土拡張がみられたが，レパントの海戦(1571)に象徴されるように，ハプスブルク王家をはじめとするヨーロッパ諸国の反撃(オーストリア･トルコ戦争)の前に，帝国の領土拡張はようやく停滞した。
［政治，行政］
　建国当初，ガージーもしくはベイbeyとよばれた支配者は，第3代ムラト1世(在位1362‐89)以後スルタンを名のったが，パーディシャーpādişāh(守護王の意)，ハーカーンhākān(大ハーンの意)のごとき，ペルシア的･トルコ的称号も使われた。王位継承の規律はなく，争いが絶えなかったため，メフメト2世(在位1444‐46,1451‐81)は，スルタンの即位後の〈兄弟殺し〉を法制化した。…

【ベグ】より

…〈首長〉〈支配者〉を意味する称号。地域と時代によりさまざまな用法があり，語形にもbäg，ベクbek，ベイbey，ビーbīなど多くの変化形があるが，すべては古代トルコ語のbägにさかのぼる。本来のトルコ語ではなく，他の言語からの借用語で，語源に関しては，ペルシア語のbag(神聖な)とする説と，中国語の〈伯〉とする説がある。…

※「bey」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典｜株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典第２版について | 情報

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