Sadao Yamanaka

Japanese: 山中貞雄 - やまなかさだお
Sadao Yamanaka

Film director. Born in Kyoto City. After graduating from the First Municipal Commercial High School in 1927 (Showa 2), he joined Makino Productions through the introduction of his classmate Makino Masahiro (1908-1993). In 1932, he released "Iso no Genta: Dakine no Nagadosu" at Arashi Kanjuro Productions, and his fresh visual sense made him an instant hit. After moving to Nikkatsu, he released such masterpieces as "Bangaku no Isshō" and "Nezumi Kozō Jirokichi" (1933), which brought him into the acquaintance of Ozu Yasujirō at Shochiku. He established the "modern drama with a topknot - the petty bourgeois period drama" with works such as "Kunisada Chuji" (1935), which depicts the people of the post town who support Chuji who is being pursued by the authorities, and "The Tattooed Man in the Town" (1935), which depicts the relationship between an ex-con and his sister and her husband. It was also the result of his interactions with Ozu and the screenwriter group "Narutaki-gumi" which he formed himself. The atmosphere is conveyed in "Tange Sazen Yohanashi: The Million Ryo Jar" (1935), a film that still exists, in which he transformed the character of Tange Sazen, a one-eyed, one-handed swordsman, into a good-natured bodyguard in the archery field, drawing laughter from the audience. After directing "Kouchiyama Soshun" (1936), a vivid Mokuami-style work in collaboration with Zenshinza, he moved to the newly established PCL. After his pessimistic portrayal of a street outlaw and a wanderer denied employment in "Ninjyo Kami Fuusen" (1937), he was drafted and sent to the battlefields of China, where he died of an illness on the battlefield on September 17, 1938, at the age of 29.

[Tomonori Saeki]

Documents List of Director's Works

Genta of the Sea: Sleeping with a Long Wakizashi (1932)
Koban Shigure (1932)
Ogasawara Oki no Kami (1932)
Whistling Samurai (1932)
Umon Torimonochō No. 30: The Untied Belt, Buddhism (1932)
Tengu Kaijo (1932)
Satsuma Courier: Sword and Love (1933)
The Life of Bangaku (1933)
The Tale of Nezumi Kozo Jirokichi: Edo, the Road, and Edo Again (1933)
The Elegant Sword (1934)
The Rise of an Foot Soldier (1934)
Victory Cry (1934)
Gantaro Highway (1934)
Chuji Kunisada (1935)
The Tale of Tange Sazen: The Vase Worth a Million Ryo (1935)
Yatappe of Seki (1935)
Tattooed Man in the City (1935)
Daibosatsu Pass, Part 1: The Koga Itto-ryu (1935)
The White Hooded Thief, Part 1 (1935)
Phantom Thief White Hood Part 2 (1936)
Kawachiyama Munetoshi (1936)
Sea Roar Highway (1936)
Ishimatsu in the Forest (1937)
Humanity Paper Balloon (1937)

"The Collected Works of Yamanaka Sadao, 3 volumes and 1 supplementary volume, edited by Sato Tadao and Kato Tai (1985-1986, Jitsugyo no Nihon Sha)""Film Director Yamanaka Sadao, by Kato Tai (1985, Kinema Junpo Sha)""The Collected Works of Yamanaka Sadao, by Yamanaka Sadao (1988, Jitsugyo no Nihon Sha)""Director Yamanaka Sadao, edited by Chiba Nobuo (1988, Jitsugyo no Nihon Sha)""Biography of Yamanaka Sadao - Portrait of a Young Film Director, by Chiba Nobuo (1999, Heibonsha)""Special Feature on Director Yamanaka Sadao in Commemoration of the Centenary of His Birth - A Guide to Viewing" (2009, Community Cinema Support Center)

[Reference] | Tanka Sazen | Ninjyo Kami Fuusen

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

映画監督。京都市生まれ。1927年(昭和2)市立第一商業高校卒業後、同窓のマキノ正博(まさひろ)(1908―1993)の伝手でマキノプロに入社。1932年嵐寛寿郎(あらしかんじゅうろう)プロで『磯の源太 抱寝(だきね)の長脇差(ながどす)』を発表、その清新な映像感覚で一躍注目される。移籍後の日活で『盤嶽(ばんがく)の一生』『鼠(ねずみ)小僧次郎吉』(1933)と快作を放ち、松竹の小津安二郎(おづやすじろう)の知遇を得る。官憲に追われる忠治を支える宿場の人々を描いた『国定忠治』(1935)、前科者とその妹夫婦の交情を描破した『街の入墨者』(1935)などで「髷(まげ)をつけた現代劇―小市民時代劇」を確立。小津や自ら結成したシナリオ集団「鳴滝組」との交流の成果でもあった。隻眼隻手の怪剣士、丹下左膳(たんげさぜん)のキャラクターを人の良い矢場の用心棒に転換し、観客席の笑いを誘ったフィルムが現存する『丹下左膳餘(よ)話 百萬両の壺』(1935)がその雰囲気を伝えている。前進座と組んだ『河内山宗俊(こうちやまそうしゅん)』(1936)で、黙阿弥(もくあみ)ものを鮮やかに演出した後、新たに発足したPCLに移籍。『人情紙風船』(1937)で街の無法者と仕官の道を断たれた浪人の姿をペシミスティックに描出した後、応召して中国の戦場へ向かい、昭和13年9月17日、戦地で病没した。29歳。

[佐伯知紀]

資料 監督作品一覧

磯の源太 抱寝の長脇差(1932)
小判しぐれ(1932)
小笠原隠岐守(1932)
口笛を吹く武士(1932)
右門捕物帖三十番手柄 帯解け仏法(1932)
天狗廻状 前篇(1932)
薩摩飛脚 剣光愛欲篇(1933)
盤嶽の一生(1933)
鼠小僧治郎吉 江戸の巻、道中の巻、再び江戸の巻(1933)
風流活人剣(1934)
足軽出世譚(1934)
勝鬨(かちどき)(1934)
雁太郎街道(1934)
国定忠治(1935)
丹下左膳餘話 百萬両の壺(1935)
関の弥太ッぺ(1935)
街の入墨者(1935)
大菩薩峠 第1篇 甲賀一刀流の巻(1935)
怪盗白頭巾 前篇(1935)
怪盗白頭巾 後篇(1936)
河内山宗俊(1936)
海鳴り街道(1936)
森の石松(1937)
人情紙風船(1937)

『佐藤忠男・加藤泰監修『山中貞雄作品集』3巻・別巻1(1985~1986・実業之日本社)』『加藤泰著『映画監督山中貞雄』(1985・キネマ旬報社)』『山中貞雄著『山中貞雄作品集』(1988・実業之日本社)』『千葉信夫編『監督山中貞雄』(1988・実業之日本社)』『千葉信夫著『評伝山中貞雄――若き映画監督の肖像』(1999・平凡社)』『『生誕百年記念 山中貞雄監督特集――鑑賞の手引』(2009・コミュニティシネマ支援センター)』

[参照項目] | 丹下左膳 | 人情紙風船

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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