This industry manufactures the computer hardware and terminal devices, and is characterized by the fact that it commercializes the software, which is the technology used, as a single product. It has now developed into a core industry, and is a unique field that requires the highest level of technology even within the electronics industry. Until the 1970s, mainframe computers were the mainstream, and IBM had a strong monopoly worldwide. In Japan, production began in 1957. With the development of semiconductor technology, personal computers appeared in the late 1970s. As they became more popular, the market expanded rapidly. Furthermore, from the end of the 1980s, the performance of personal computers improved dramatically, and personal computers became able to handle processes that were previously only possible with mainframes (downsizing). Downsizing put pressure on the management of companies such as IBM and Unisys, which had made mainframes the main source of revenue, but on the other hand, it gave birth to many personal computer manufacturers. In addition, IBM and Japanese mainframe manufacturers such as Hitachi and Fujitsu have entered the personal computer field one after another, further expanding the market. → Related topics Computers Source : Heibonsha Encyclopedia About MyPedia Information |
ハードウェアと称されるコンピューター本体と端末装置を製造する産業で,利用技術であるソフトウェアを一体として商品化している点に特色がある。今や全産業の中核的存在にまで発展し,電子工業内でも最高の技術水準を要する独自の分野となっている。1970年代までは大型コンピューターが主流で世界的にIBMの独占度が高かった。日本では1957年に生産開始。半導体技術の発展で1970年代後半からパーソナルコンピューターが登場。大衆化することで市場が急拡大した。さらに1980年代末より,パーソナルコンピューターの性能が飛躍的に向上し,以前は大型汎用機でしかこなせなかった処理がパーソナルコンピューターでできるようになった(ダウンサイジング)。ダウンサイジングは,大型汎用機を収益の柱としてきたIBMやユニシスなどの経営を圧迫したが,一方で多くのパソコンメーカーを生み出した。またIBMや日本の日立,富士通など大型機メーカーも次々とパソコン分野に参入し,さらに市場を拡大している。 →関連項目コンピューター 出典 株式会社平凡社百科事典マイペディアについて 情報 |
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