... After World War I, the importance of immigration declined due to the progress of rationalization and mechanization of production, and in the climate of xenophobia as represented by the Ku Klux Klan, the Japanese Exclusion Act was passed in 1924, completely banning Japanese from entering the country as foreigners who could not be naturalized. At the time of the outbreak of the Pacific War, about two-thirds of Japanese people had American citizenship, but in 1942, about 110,000 Japanese people living in California, Washington, Oregon, and Arizona, which were designated military areas by presidential decree, were forcibly deported as enemy aliens, and were confined to internment camps such as Manzanar (350 km northeast of Los Angeles, California) inland. Although they were also enemy aliens, people of German and Italian descent were excluded from the forced deportation. ... From Los Angeles…Japanese Americans are today the most successful minority race. During World War II, they were labeled as enemy aliens and interned at Manzanar and other internment camps, but after the war, the Japanese community made a remarkable recovery. About 120,000 Japanese people live scattered throughout the metropolitan area, but a shopping center that surpasses Little Tokyo, built by the Issei, was built in Gardena, and educational courses on Japanese culture are also held, making it one of the centers of social activity for Japanese Americans. … *Some of the terminology that mentions "Manzanar" is listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
… 第1次大戦後,生産の合理化・機械化の進展により移民の重要性は低下し,またクー・クラックス・クランに代表されるような排外主義の風潮のなかで,1924年排日移民法が成立,日本人は帰化不能外国人として入国を完全に禁止された。太平洋戦争勃発当時,日系人の約3分の2はアメリカ市民権をもっていたものの,1942年には,大統領令に基づき軍事地域に指定されたカリフォルニア,ワシントン,オレゴン,アリゾナ各州に居住していた日系人約11万人が敵性国人として強制的に退去させられ,内陸部のマンザナーManzanar(カリフォルニア州ロサンゼルスの北東350km)などの強制収容所に閉じこめられるに至った。同じ敵性国人でありながらドイツ系,イタリア系は強制退去の対象から除外された。… 【ロサンゼルス】より…日系アメリカ人は現在では最も成功した少数派人種といえる。第2次大戦中は敵性外国人のレッテルをはられマンザナーManzanar収容所などに抑留されたが,戦後,日系社会は目覚ましく復興した。約12万人がメトロポリタン全域に分散して生活しているが,一世が築いた〈リトル・トーキョー〉をしのぐショッピングセンターなどがガーディナGardenaに建設され,日本文化を教える教養講座も開かれていて,日系アメリカ人の社会活動の一つの中心となっている。… ※「Manzanar」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
<<: al-Manzala, Buḥayra (English spelling) alManzala Buhayra
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