Moro (English spelling) Aldo Moro

Italian politician. Born into the intellectual class in the south (Lecce). Joined the Christian Democratic Party after the Second World War, became a member of the Constituent Assembly in 1946, and has been a member of parliament since 1948. Served as Undersecretary of Foreign Affairs in the Fifth De Gasperi Cabinet (1948-1950), Leader of the Christian Democratic Chamber of Deputies (1953-1955), Minister of Justice (1955-1957) and Minister of Education (1957-1959) in the three center-right cabinets of Segni, Zolli, and the second Fanfani. As Secretary-General of the party (1959-1963), he worked hard to establish the fourth Fanfani center-left cabinet, and was a key figure in the party's leftward development policy. From the end of 1963 to 1968, he formed three center-left cabinets with the cooperation of the Socialist Party, both inside and outside the cabinet. From 1969 to 1974, he held the position of foreign minister in all cabinets except for the second Andreotti cabinet (1972-1973). From 1974 to 1976, he served in succession in the fourth and fifth cabinets, both of which were supported by the Communist Party from outside the cabinet. Later, as a crisis was developing both within and outside the party, Moro became the party's president, and worked hard to build a national unity system in cooperation with the Communist Party, which advocated a historic compromise line, and managed to form a coalition government based on the party's trust. On March 16, 1978, he was kidnapped by the far-left group "Red Brigades," which challenged this system, and his body was found 55 days later on May 9 in downtown Rome.

[Yasuro Shigeoka]

"The Moro Incident" by L. Sciascia, translated by Ken Chikusa (1979, Shinchosha)

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

イタリアの政治家。南部（レッチェ市）の知識階級の出身。第二次世界大戦後キリスト教民主党に入党、1946年制憲議会議員、1948年以降代議士。第五次デ・ガスペリ内閣の外務次官（1948～1950）、キリスト教民主党下院院内総務（1953～1955）、セーニ、ゾーリ、第二次ファンファーニの三中道内閣の下で法相（1955～1957）、文相（1957～1959）を歴任。党幹事長（1959～1963）として第四次ファンファーニ中道左派内閣の成立に尽力し、党の左展開政策の立役者となった。1963年末から1968年にかけて社会党の閣内外の協力による中道左派内閣を三度組織。1969年から1974年まで第二次アンドレオッティ内閣（1972～1973）以外のすべての内閣で外相の地位を保持した。1974年から1976年にかけて第四次、第五次内閣を連続担当したが、この両政府には共産党が閣外から協力した。その後、党内外の危機の進行のなかで党総裁に就任したモーロは、歴史的妥協路線を掲げる共産党との協調のうえに挙国一致体制を築こうと奔走し、同党の信任に基づく連立政府の成立にこぎ着けた。1978年3月16日、この体制に挑戦する極左集団「赤い旅団」に誘拐され、55日後の5月9日ローマの中心街で遺体となって発見された。

［重岡保郎］

『L・シャーシャ著、千種堅訳『モロ事件』（1979・新潮社）』

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