Enclave - Tobichi

(1) Also written as tochi. In the Edo period, this refers to the scattered territories of the land, as opposed to the territories attached to castles. In general, the territories of outside daimyo (tozama daimyo) were unified and concentrated in one place, but the territories of fudai daimyo (fudai daimyo) were frequently transferred and there was a significant merger and conversion of territories between the Tenryo and Hatamoto territories, so they became scattered territories. In this case, the territories other than the territories attached to castles were called enclaves. (2) In the Edo period, this refers to land that was not connected to the parent village but was intertwined with other villages. When the river on the village boundary changed course due to flooding, causing an inflow and outflow between the village and the neighboring village, it was decided that the intrusive land in the neighboring village should be owned by the village that was connected to the land before the flood, and in this case, the intrusive land was called an enclave. In some cases, an enclave can be created by dividing a village.

[Fujino Tamotsu]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

（1）飛知とも書く。江戸時代、城付(しろつき)の所領に対し、各地に分散している知行地(ちぎょうち)のことをいう。一般に外様(とざま)大名の領地は一円的知行を保ち、1か所にまとまって存在したが、譜代(ふだい)大名の所領は激しい転封と、天領・旗本領との間に所領の著しい統廃合、切り替えが行われたため分散知行化した。この場合、城付の所領以外の知行地を飛地と称した。（2）江戸時代、親村と地続きでなく他村と入り組んだ土地のこと。村境の川が洪水によって河流が変わり、隣村との間に出入りが生じたとき、隣村内に入り組んだ土地は、洪水前の地続村が保有することが定められており、この場合、入組地を飛地と称した。分村によって飛地となる場合もある。

［藤野　保］

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