Founded in 1755, it is the oldest and most prestigious university in the Russian Federation. Its official name is Lomonosov Moscow State University, named after the Russian scientist Lomonosov, who planned to establish the university. It was small when it was first established, but the University Act of 1804 expanded it to four faculties (Humanities, Physics and Mathematics, Medicine, and Ethics and Political Science). It has a tradition of education and research that is not limited by class background, and often experienced conflict with Tsarism throughout the 19th century. After the October Revolution of 1917, the university opened its doors wide under the slogan "learning for the workers." Since its founding, it has produced many of the most representative scientists, writers, and revolutionary leaders of the Soviet era, including N. P. Ogarev, A. I. Herzen, A. P. Chekhov, and I. A. Goncharov, who studied here before the revolution. Professors included P. N. Lebedev in physics, Nikolay Dmitrievich Zelinskiy (1861-1953) in chemistry, N. E. Zhukovsky in fluid mechanics, A. I. Oparin in biochemistry, and P. S. Alexandrov in mathematics. Completed after the Second World War in 1953 on Lenin Hill (now Sparrow Hills) in southwest Moscow, the 32-storey skyscraper has become the university's symbol and houses the Faculty of Natural Sciences. As of 1995, the university has 17 faculties (Physics, Computer Mathematics/Cybernetics, Chemistry, Mathematics/Mechanics, Biology, Basic Medical Sciences, Soil Science, Geography, Geology, History, Linguistics, Law, Philosophy, Economics, Journalism, Psychology, Sociology), as well as night schools, correspondence education, a department for international students, a department for higher education teacher training, and an Institute of Oriental Languages, with a total of about 8,000 faculty members and 28,000 students.It also has an extensive network of affiliated natural science research institutes (astronomy, nuclear physics, mechanical engineering, anthropology) and museums (zoology, soil science, anthropology). [Toru Magose] [References] |Russia's oldest university. Since its founding in 1755, it has produced many world-famous scientists and writers. The 32-story high-rise building completed on Lenin Hill (now Sparrow Hills) in 1953 has become the symbol of the university. Russia Moscow ©Shogakukan "> Moscow State University Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
1755年創設の、ロシア連邦でもっとも古く権威のある大学。ロシアの科学者でありこの大学の設立を計画したロモノーソフの名を冠し、正式名称はロモノーソフ記念モスクワ国立大学。設立当初は小規模であったが、1804年の大学法で4学部制(人文、物理・数学、医学、倫理・政治学)となった。出身階層にとらわれない教育、研究の伝統を有し、19世紀を通じてツァーリズムとの対立をしばしば経験した。 1917年の十月革命以後は「労働者のための学問」をスローガンに、大学の門戸を大きく開放した。創設以来、ソ連時代を代表する科学者、文学者、革命の指導者を輩出し、N・P・オガリョフ、A・I・ゲルツェン、A・P・チェーホフ、I・A・ゴンチャロフなどは革命前にここで学んでいる。教授陣には物理学のP・N・レーベデフ、化学のゼリンスキーНиколай Дмитриевич Зелинский/Nikolay Dmitrievich Zelinskiy(1861―1953)、流体力学のN・E・ジュコフスキー、生化学のA・I・オパーリン、数学のP・S・アレクサンドロフなどが名を連ねていた。第二次世界大戦後、1953年モスクワ南西のレーニン丘(現雀が丘)に完成した32階建ての高層建築は大学の象徴となっており、自然科学系学部が収容されている。 1995年現在17学部(物理、コンピュータ数学・サイバネティックス、化学、数学・力学、生物学、基礎医学、土壌学、地理学、地質学、歴史学、言語学、法律学、哲学、経済学、ジャーナリズム、心理学、社会学)のほかに、夜間部、通信教育部、留学生教育部、高等教育教員研修部、東洋語研究所などがあり、教員数約8000人、学生数約2万8000人。自然科学系の付属研究所(天文学、核物理学、機械工学、人類学)や博物館(動物学、土壌学、人類学)も充実している。 [馬越 徹] [参照項目] |ロシア最古の大学。1755年の創設以来、世界的な科学者、文学者などを多数輩出している。1953年レーニン丘(現在の雀が丘)に完成した32階建ての高層建築は大学のシンボルとなっている。ロシア モスクワ©Shogakukan"> モスクワ大学 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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