Sargasso Sea - Sargasso Sea

Japanese: サルガッソー海 - さるがっそーかい(英語表記)Sargasso Sea
Sargasso Sea - Sargasso Sea

A vast area of ​​the North Atlantic Ocean east of the United States and the Bahamas. It is also called the Sargasso Sea. The Gulf Stream (Gulf of Mexico) clearly separates the area from the west to the north, but the border between the south and the east is not so clear, and the area is said to extend to about 40 degrees west longitude in the east and 20 degrees north latitude in the south. The Gulf Stream, North Equatorial Current, and Canary Current circulate clockwise around the periphery of the area, and most of the currents flow into the Gulf Stream at depth. However, the movement of the ocean currents near the surface is known to stop, as they reverse direction, especially in summer. The amount of evaporation of seawater is greater than the amount of precipitation, and the water temperature and salinity are high. As a result, there is little plankton, and the water is the most transparent in the world. The name Sargasso comes from the seaweed Sargassum, and the yellowish-brown Sargassum floating on the surface of the seawater creates a vivid contrast with the deep blue sea. Estimates put the amount of Sargassum floating around the area at between 4 and 11 million tonnes. The growing algae was once feared to cling to ships, restricting navigation and causing wrecks, and the area is known as a spawning ground for European eels.

[Naoko Kurihara]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

北大西洋のアメリカ合衆国およびバハマ諸島東方の広大な海域。サーガッソー海ともいう。北と西はガルフストリーム(メキシコ湾流)によって明確に画されるが、南と東の境はあまりはっきりせず、東は西経40度、南は北緯20度ぐらいまでとされる。同海域の周縁を囲むようにガルフストリーム、北赤道海流、カナリー海流が時計回りの循環運動をし、深部で大部分がガルフストリーム本流に流れ込んでいる。しかし海面に近い海流の運動は、とくに夏季にはその方向を逆転させるため、循環運動が静止することが知られている。海水の蒸発量が降水量より大きく、水温、塩分も高い。そのためプランクトンが少なく、透明度は世界の海のなかでもっとも高い。サルガッソーの名は海藻のホンダワラ(サルガッサム)に由来し、海水面に浮遊する黄褐色のホンダワラと紺碧(こんぺき)の海とが鮮やかな色彩の対比をなす。推計によると、同海域周辺に浮遊するホンダワラの量は400万~1100万トンに達するとされる。かつては繁茂する藻が船にまつわりついて、航行の自由を失い、難船すると恐れられていた。またこの海域は、ヨーロッパ産のウナギの産卵場として知られる。

[栗原尚子]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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