Turkish politician. Born in Aydın Province in western Turkey as the eldest son of a large landowner. Graduated from the Faculty of Law at Ankara University. Entered politics in 1931 when he was first elected as a member of parliament through the Republican People's Party. In 1945, he left the party in opposition to the party's land reforms and nationalization of private companies, and played a central role in founding the Democratic Party together with Celal Bayar and others. In the general election of May 1950, the Democratic Party won an overwhelming victory, ending the one-party dictatorship of the Republican People's Party that had lasted for 25 years. In the new administration, Bayar was elected the third president, and Menderes became prime minister. The Democratic Party actively promoted the abolition of economic controls, agricultural development, the introduction of foreign capital, and the development of infrastructure. However, these development strategies caused economic turmoil, including inflation, huge budget deficits, and outstanding foreign debt, and anti-government movements intensified in the late 1950s. The government responded by cracking down on freedom of speech, which led to a military coup in May 1960. After the coup, Menderes was arrested and sentenced to death by a special military tribunal on Yassi Island in the Sea of Marmara. On September 17, 1961, he was hanged along with Foreign Minister Fatin Rüştü Zorlu and Finance Minister Hasan Polatkan. [Hiroshi Nagaba] [References] | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
トルコの政治家。トルコ西部のアイドゥン県に大地主の長男として生まれる。アンカラ大学法学部卒業。1931年共和人民党から国会議員に初当選して政界に入る。1945年同党の土地改革、民間企業の国営化に反対して離党、ジェラル・バヤルなどとともに民主党の結成に中心的役割を果たす。1950年5月の総選挙で民主党が圧倒的勝利を収め、25年間続いた共和人民党の一党独裁政治は終焉(しゅうえん)した。新政権でバヤルが第3代大統領に選出され、メンデレスは首相に就任した。民主党は経済統制の撤廃、農業開発、外資導入、インフラの整備などを積極的に進めた。しかし、こうした開発戦略はインフレ、巨額の財政赤字と外債残高など経済混乱を引き起こし、1950年代後半になると反政府運動が激化した。政府は言論弾圧などで応じ、これが1960年5月に軍事クーデターを招来する結果となった。クーデター後、メンデレスは逮捕され、マルマラ海に浮かぶヤッス島に設けられた特別軍事法廷で死刑判決を受ける。翌1961年の9月17日、外相ゾルルFatin Rüştü Zorlu、財務相ポラトカンHasan Polatkanとともに絞首刑に処せられた。 [長場 紘] [参照項目] | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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