Zenger Incident

Japanese: ゼンガー事件 - ぜんがーじけん
Zenger Incident

This was a libel case that occurred in colonial America. In 1734, New York newspaper publisher John Peter Zenger (1697-1746) was arrested for disturbing the peace after criticizing the Governor's government in his New York Weekly Journal. Born in Germany, Zenger came to America in 1710, and in 1733, with the support of James Alexander (1691-1756) and others, he started the aforementioned Journal, which attacked Governor William Cosby (1690-1736), in protest against the New York Gazette being the Governor's newspaper. At his trial, Zenger was found not guilty thanks to the defense of Andrew Hamilton (1676-1741), who asserted the right to report the facts. This case, the first in which a criminal defamation trial was decided by proving that the contents of the report were based on fact, is considered one of the most important cases in the history of freedom of speech and press in the United States.

[Kei Suzuki]

"The Story of American Newspapers" by Yuichiro Isobe (1971, Japan Times)

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

植民地時代のアメリカで起こった名誉毀損(きそん)事件。1734年、ニューヨークの新聞発行者ゼンガーJohn Peter Zenger(1697―1746)が『ニューヨーク・ウィークリー・ジャーナル』紙上で総督府の政治批判を行ったため、治安妨害を理由に逮捕された。ドイツ生まれのゼンガーは、1710年にアメリカに渡り、『ニューヨーク・ガゼット』紙が総督の御用紙であることに対抗、アレグザンダーJames Alexander(1691―1756)らの支持を得て33年前述の『ジャーナル』を発刊、コズビーWilliam Cosby(1690―1736)総督を攻撃した。裁判では、事実を報道する権利を主張したハミルトンAndrew Hamilton(1676―1741)の弁護により、ゼンガーの無罪が認められた。名誉毀損における刑事裁判で、報道内容が事実に基づくことを立証することにより、初めて無罪を確定したこの事件は、アメリカにおける言論出版の自由の歴史上もっとも重要な事件とされている。

[鈴木ケイ]

『磯部佑一郎著『アメリカ新聞物語』(1971・ジャパンタイムズ)』

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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