Mayo (George) Elton

Japanese: メーヨー(英語表記)Mayo, (George) Elton
Mayo (George) Elton
Born: 26 December 1880, Adelaide
[Died] September 7, 1949. Born in Surrey, Australia. Industrial psychologist who was active mainly in the United States. Studied medicine, psychology, logic, philosophy, etc. at university. Moved to the United States in 1923, and worked as a professor at Harvard Business School from 1929 to 1947. Died in England. Initially, he mainly studied the effects of work on individuals from the viewpoint of occupational physiology, but played a leading role in the Hawthorne Experiments, which led to the development of a new field of industrial sociology, the theory of human relations in industry. Major works include The Human Problems of an Industrial Civilization (1933), The Social Problems of an Industrial Civilization (45), and "The Political Problems of an Industrial Civilization" (47).

Mayo
Mayow, John

Born: May 24, 1640, Bree
[Died] October 10, 1679, London. British chemist and physiologist. He studied law and medicine at Oxford University. While practicing medicine in the local city of Bath, he became friends with a group of scholars in London, including R. Hook. He was recommended by Hook to become a member of the Royal Society (1677). Through his skillful experiments, he proposed that a certain component of air (which Mayo called saltpeter air) was essential for combustion and respiration, and he was even considered the proponent of the oxidation theory and the forerunner of A. Lavoisier. He also clarified the function of the lungs, and made outstanding achievements in the study of the mechanism of muscle contraction and the structure of the rib. His main work is Tractatus quinque (74), which contains five treatises on the composition and properties of nitrogen compounds, respiration, fermentation, muscular movement, etc.

Mayo
Mayo, Henry Thomas

Born December 8, 1856 in Burlington, Vermont
[Died] February 23, 1937. Portsmouth, New Hampshire. American naval officer. Graduated from the Naval Academy in 1876. Became a rear admiral in 1913. In April 1914, American sailors who had landed in Tampico, Mexico were arrested, and in response to the Tampico Incident, he independently and strongly demanded an apology from Mexico, which was supported by President T. W. Wilson. In 1915, he became a vice admiral. During World War I, from 1916, he was commander in chief of the Atlantic Fleet.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
[生]1880.12.26. アデレード
[没]1949.9.7. サリー
オーストラリアに生れ,おもにアメリカで活躍した産業心理学者。大学では医学,心理学,論理学,哲学などを学び,1923年アメリカに渡り,29~47年ハーバード大学ビジネス・スクールの教授として調査研究に活躍した。イギリスで他界。初めは労働生理学的観点から,作業が人間諸個人に及ぼす影響をおもに研究していたが,ホーソン実験で指導的役割を果し,これを契機に,産業における人間関係論という新しい産業社会学の分野を開拓した。主著『産業文明における人間問題』 The Human Problems of an Industrial Civilization (1933) ,『アメリカ文明と労働』 The Social Problems of an Industrial Civilization (45) ,"The Political Problems of an Industrial Civilization" (47) 。

メーヨー
Mayow, John

[生]1640.5.24. ブレー
[没]1679.10.10. ロンドン
イギリスの化学者,生理学者。オックスフォード大学で法律,医学を修める。地方都市バスで医者を開業するかたわら,ロンドンで R.フックらの学者グループと親交を結ぶ。フックの推薦でロイヤル・ソサエティ会員となる (1677) 。巧みな実験により,空気中の特定成分 (メーヨーはそれを硝石空気と呼んだ) が燃焼,呼吸に不可欠なことを唱え,酸化理論の提唱者,A.ラボアジエの先駆者とさえみなされた。また肺の機能を明らかにしたほか,筋肉収縮の機構,肋骨の構造の研究にもすぐれた業績を残した。主著に,窒素化合物の組成と性質,呼吸,発酵,筋肉運動などに関する5つの論考を収めた『五つの論文』 Tractatus quinque (74) がある。

メーヨー
Mayo, Henry Thomas

[生]1856.12.8. バーモント,バーリントン
[没]1937.2.23. ニューハンプシャー,ポーツマス
アメリカの海軍軍人。 1876年海軍兵学校卒業。 1913年海軍少将。 14年4月メキシコのタンピコへ上陸したアメリカ水兵が逮捕されたことから起ったタンピコ事件に際して,独断でメキシコへ謝罪を強硬に主張,T.W.ウィルソン大統領もこれを支持した。 15年海軍中将。第1次世界大戦中の 16年からは大西洋艦隊司令長官。

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