The Minusinsk culture is one of a series of cultures from the Neolithic to Iron Ages that arose in Russia, southern Siberia, and the Minusinsk Basin. It arose in the upper reaches of the Yenisei River around the 8th to 2nd centuries BC, and began using iron tools around the 4th to 3rd centuries BC. Although settlement sites have been discovered along the river, the main remains from this period are tombs with square stone rows and large and small mounds with megaliths at the corners. Under the mounds, called kurgans, there are usually wooden coffins, but occasionally a stone coffin is found inside a burial pit covered with slabs of stone. It is a family grave containing one man, one or two women, and a child. The skulls of the deceased show Caucasian characteristics. The people of this period practiced sedentary irrigated agriculture and some nomadic livestock farming. As can be seen in rock paintings in the Boyara Mountains near Minusinsk, the settlements consisted of wooden or mud houses with remains of a straw-roofed hearth, and some tent-like houses. And goats and deer are painted near these houses. The art of the Tagar period is similar to Scythian art with animal-shaped designs. Russian scholars explain that the Tagar culture's missing hand is the Dingling that appears in the Records of the Grand Historian and the Book of Han, but some Japanese scholars disagree. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
ロシア,南シベリア,ミヌシンスク盆地に継起した新石器時代から鉄器時代の一連の文化 (ミヌシンスク文化 ) の一つ。前8~2世紀頃エニセイ川上流域で興り,前4~3世紀頃から鉄器を使用。河川に沿って集落址なども発見されているが,この期のおもな遺構は,方形の列石と隅に巨石の置かれた大小の墳丘をもつ墓である。クルガンと呼ばれる墳丘下には,通常木棺があるが,まれに板石で被覆された墓壙内に石棺が存在する場合がある。1人の男と1~2人の女と子供を伴う家族墓である。死者の頭蓋骨は,コーカソイド型の特徴を示している。この期の人々は定住的な灌漑農耕を行い,遊牧的な牧畜も多少行なっていた。ミヌシンスク近くのボヤラ山脈の岩壁画にみるように,集落はわら屋根の炉跡をもつ木造ないし泥の家で,天幕風の家もある。そして,これらの家の近くにやぎとしかが描かれている。タガール期の芸術は,獣形の模様をもつスキタイのものに類似する。ロシアの学者は,タガール文化のにない手は『史記』『漢書』にみえる丁零と説明するが,日本の学者のなかには反対意見もある。
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