These are records of the construction or repair of a building, written on wooden tablets or other materials and nailed to the ridge or beams. Many of them include the date of construction, the name of the owner and the craftsman. Some also include the name of the family's guardian deity or a spell. Generally, they are thin, long boards, often with a mountain-shaped top, and are sometimes placed in a box along with talismans. Similar records can be found on the inscriptions on ridgepole pieces written directly on the ridge or beams, and these are said to be the origin of ridgepole plaques. Old examples that still exist include the ridgepole plaque at Chusonji Temple in Iwate Prefecture (1122), the inscription on the ridgepole of the Konjikido Hall at the same temple (1124), and the ridgepole plaque at the Reido Hall of the Sangatsudo Hall of Todaiji Temple in Nara (1199). Among private homes, the Kuriyama family home in Gojo, Gojo City, Nara Prefecture, has a building inscription from 1607 and is considered the oldest surviving town house. [Yoshiharu Kamino] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
建築物の創建または修理に際して、その事実を木札などに記して棟や梁(はり)に打ち付けた記録である。その多くは建造の年月日、建築主、工匠の名前などを記す。家の守護神の名を記したり、呪文(じゅもん)を記したものもある。一般に薄く細長い板で、頭部は多く山形をなし、呪物などとともに箱に入れる場合もある。同じような記録は棟や梁などに直接記される棟木銘にもみられ、これが棟札の起源であるといわれている。現存する古い例としては、岩手県・中尊寺蔵の棟札(保安(ほうあん)3年〈1122〉)、同金色堂の棟木銘(天治(てんじ)元年〈1124〉)、また奈良・東大寺三月堂礼堂の棟札(正治(しょうじ)元年〈1199〉)がある。民家では奈良県五條(ごじょう)市五條の栗山(くりやま)家が慶長(けいちょう)12年(1607)の棟札を残し、現存する最古の町屋とされている。 [神野善治] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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