...Research into natural and artificial mutations of genes provided important clues to this problem, and genetics became deeply involved in elucidating the mechanism of evolution. As early as 1908, GH Hardy and W. Weinberg had discovered a law called the Hardy-Weinberg law regarding the relationship between gene frequency and genotype frequency in a stable randomly mating population. In the 1930s, coupled with advances in statistics, RA Fisher, JBS Haldane, S. Wright, and others built the foundations of population genetics, which studies the changes in the genetic makeup of a population over time, taking into account selection, mutation, breeding patterns, and population structure. Recently, differences in genes and their governing traits have been viewed at the molecular level, that is, as differences in the base sequence of DNA and the primary structure of proteins, and their behavior in populations has been actively studied. ... *Some of the terminology references "Weinberg, W." are listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…遺伝子の自然および人為突然変異の研究はこの問題に大きな手がかりを与え,遺伝学が進化機構の解明に深くかかわることとなった。すでに1908年にハーディG.H.HardyとワインベルクW.Weinbergは安定した任意交配集団における遺伝子頻度と遺伝子型頻度の関係について,〈ハーディ=ワインベルクの法則〉とよばれる法則を発見していたが,30年代に入り統計学の進歩と相まって,淘汰・突然変異・繁殖様式・集団構造などを考慮に入れて集団の遺伝的構成の経時的変動を研究する集団遺伝学の基礎がR.A.フィッシャー,J.B.S.ホールデーン,ライトS.Wrightなどによって築かれた。最近は遺伝子やその支配形質の違いを分子レベル,すなわちDNAの塩基配列やタンパク質の一次構造の差異としてとらえ,その集団における挙動が盛んに研究されている。… ※「Weinberg,W.」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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