A type of tax in the Middle Ages. It is also read as "munabechisen." It was so named because it was levied on a per-house basis, and like tansen, from the Kamakura period the Imperial Court levied it on specific areas for the construction of temples, shrines, and imperial palaces. In the Muromachi period, the shogunate and then the shugo inherited the authority to impose this tax, and the Sengoku daimyo made it a permanent item of taxation. Munabechisen, along with dansen, were positioned at the center of the taxes levied by the Sengoku daimyo. The Gohojo clan reduced the munabetsusen, which was 50 mon per ken (eaves) to 35 mon in 1550 (Tenbun 19), and made it a pillar of the tax system along with dansen and kakesen. In the Takeda clan's domains, 200 mon per ken was the most common, but 50 to 100 mon was the norm. However, with the establishment of the kokudaka system, the land area for houses was also given a tax rate and was included in the subject of annual tax levies, so the system of sen besuance disappeared. [Murata Shuzo] [Reference item] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
中世の課税の一種。「むなべちせん」とも読む。家屋(棟)単位に課せられたのでこの称があり、鎌倉時代から朝廷が寺社や禁裏の造営のために国を特定して課したことは、段銭(たんせん)と同様である。室町時代には幕府、ついで守護がこの賦課の権限を継承し、戦国大名は恒常的な税目とした。棟別銭は段銭とともに、戦国大名が課する諸税のなかではその中心に位置づけられた。後北条(ごほうじょう)氏は一間(軒)別50文であった棟別銭を、1550年(天文19)に35文に軽減し、段銭、懸銭(かけせん)とともに税制の柱に据えている。武田氏の領国では一間別200文と多かったが、50文から100文が一般的であった。しかし石高(こくだか)制の成立によって屋敷地も高附(たかづ)けされ、年貢賦課の対象に組み込まれたため、棟別銭は消滅した。 [村田修三] [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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