Minnesänger (English spelling)

Japanese: ミンネゼンガー - みんねぜんがー(英語表記)Minnesänger
Minnesänger (English spelling)

A poet of medieval German court lyric poetry (Minnesang). Influenced by the troubadours (minstrels) of southern France, Minnesang arose around 1170 and was produced at courts in Germany and Austria until around 1300. The poems were presented at court banquets, and the author was responsible for all of the writing, composition, and recitation. Many of the songs are about young knights yearning for noble married ladies of good looks and character. The unfulfilled sensual love (Minne) of a noble member of the opposite sex enhances the knight's spirit and teaches moderation and self-control. Reinmar von Hagenau of the Vienna court and Heinrich von Molungen of Meissen are famous masters of "High Minne" songs, which reflectively sing about the educational meaning of love. Not satisfied with the formality of these songs, the great wandering poet Walter von der Vogelweide praised the realistic love of a pure and innocent commoner girl. In addition to love poems, he also wrote many political and aphoristic poems, and perfected the Minnesang as a great poem that surpassed the art of the court. Other notable poets include Wolfram von Eschenbach, a master of nude songs, Hartmann von Aue, who composed crusade songs, and Friedrich von Hausen.

[Haruhisa Takatsu]

"Minnesang" edited and translated by Takatsu Haruhisa (included in "German Medieval Lyric Poetry Collection", 1978, Ikubundo)

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

中世ドイツの宮廷叙情詩(ミンネザング)の歌人。ミンネザングは南フランスのトルーバドゥール(吟遊詩人)の影響を受けて1170年ごろにおこり、ドイツやオーストリア各地の宮廷で1300年ごろまでつくられた。詩は宮廷の宴席で発表され、作者は作詩、作曲、朗唱のすべてを行った。なかでも、若い騎士の、容姿・品性優れた高貴の既婚婦人にあこがれる歌が多い。高潔な異性への官能の成就なき愛(ミンネMinne)は騎士の精神を高め、中庸や自制心を教える。愛の教育的な意味を省察的に歌う「高きミンネ」の歌の名匠として、ウィーン宮廷のラインマル・フォン・ハーゲナウ、マイセンのハインリヒ・フォン・モールンゲンらが名高い。これらの歌の様式性に飽き足らず、純潔無垢(むく)な庶民の少女への現実的な愛をたたえたのが遍歴の大詩人ワルター・フォン・デァ・フォーゲルワイデである。彼は恋愛詩のほか多くの政治詩、格言詩もつくり、ミンネザングを宮廷の技芸を超えた偉大な詩として完成した。ほかに、きぬぎぬの歌の名手ウォルフラム・フォン・エッシェンバハ、十字軍の歌をつくったハルトマン・フォン・アウエ、フリードリヒ・フォン・ハウゼンなどが注目される。

[高津春久]

『高津春久編訳『ミンネザング』(『ドイツ中世叙情詩集』所収・1978・郁文堂)』

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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