Planning Agency - Kikakuin

The Agency was established in October 1937 (Showa 12) by integrating the Resources Bureau and the Planning Agency, and was directly under the Cabinet. Following the outbreak of the Second Sino-Japanese War, it was established in response to a strong request from the Army, which sought to establish a total mobilization system. It was positioned as the central organization for national mobilization, and its duties included drafting plans for the expansion and operation of the nation's overall power in peacetime and wartime, setting national mobilization plans, and coordinating and unifying the various ministries and agencies in their implementation. It prepared the National Mobilization Bill, plans for expanding production capacity, and material mobilization plans, and also established the Koa-in Board. Masao Taki was the first president, and Major General Isami Yokoyama was appointed Director of the General Affairs Department. In July 1940, when the second Konoe Fumimaro cabinet was formed, Naoki Hoshino, a reformist bureaucrat from the Ministry of Finance and Minister of General Affairs of "Manchukuo", was appointed president. Under this, new economic control measures were drafted, and in September they were compiled as the "Outline for Establishing a New Economic System." However, they faced strong opposition from the business community and others, and the "new system" they envisioned was not realized, which instead led to the Planning Board Incident in 1941. The Planning Board played a central role in planning material mobilization, but was unable to achieve its original goal of establishing and implementing a comprehensive national policy. In November 1943, it was reorganized and merged into the Ministry of Munitions.

[Kenichi Yoshii]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

1937年（昭和12）10月、資源局と企画庁を統合して設置された内閣直属の組織。日中戦争の勃発(ぼっぱつ)に伴い、総動員体制の確立を図る陸軍の強い要請を受けて設置された。国家総動員の中枢機関と位置づけられ、平時、戦時における総合国力の拡充運用に関する計画の立案上申、国家総動員計画の設定、遂行についての各省庁の調整統一をその職務とした。国家総動員法案、生産力拡充計画、物資動員計画などを作成し、また興亜(こうあ)院の設置なども行った。初代総裁には滝正雄が、総務部長には横山勇(いさみ)陸軍少将が就任した。40年7月、第二次近衛文麿(このえふみまろ)内閣の成立に際して、総裁に大蔵省出身の革新官僚であり「満州国」総務長官の星野直樹(なおき)が任命された。その下で新たな経済統制策の立案が進められ、9月に「経済新体制確立要綱」としてまとめられた。しかし財界などの強い反対にあい、彼らの意図する「新体制」は実現されず、かえって41年には企画院事件を引き起こすに至った。企画院は、物資動員計画などにおいてその中心的役割を果たしたが、当初の目的であった総合的な国策を樹立、運用することはできなかった。43年11月、軍需省に再編、合併された。

［芳井研一］

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