A form of state where politics are conducted according to democratic ideals. The English word comes from the Greek words demos (people) and kratia (rule). The basic image of democracy is "rule by the people," but in political system theory since ancient Greece, democracy has meant rule by the majority, as opposed to monarchy, where one person rules, and aristocracy, where a few people rule. Although it was rule by the majority, the number of people who could rule in ancient Athens' democracy was only a small proportion of the adult population, and since then, it has become common to restrict who can be eligible based on gender, age, income, assets, etc. In addition, there are two forms of rule by the majority: direct democracy, where the people themselves directly govern, and indirect democracy, where the people elect representatives and entrust them with power for a certain period of time to govern through them. Modern states are based on indirect democracy as a rule. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
民主主義の理念に従って政治が行われる国家形態。英語はギリシア語の demos (人民) と kratia (支配) に由来している。「人民による支配」が民主制の基本的イメージであるが,古代ギリシア以来の政治体制論において民主制は1人の支配である君主制,少数の支配である貴族制に対して,多数の支配を意味していた。多数の支配とはいえ,古代アテネの民主制のにない手は成人人口のうちのわずかにすぎず,それ以後性別,年齢,所得・資産などによる資格者の制限がなされているのが普通である。また,多数による支配の形としては,国民がみずから直接政治を行う直接民主制と国民が代表者を選出して一定期間権力を信託しそれを通じて政治を行う間接民主制とがあるが,近代国家は間接民主制を原則としている。
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>>: Democracy - minshushugi (English spelling) democracy
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