… Many monasteries established veneration of relics, and people made pilgrimages to them, which was enough to give rise to the Crusades. The first monastic orders were established around this time. Monasteries continued to multiply until the Fourth Lateran Council of 1215 prohibited the founding of new orders, giving rise to many religious orders. From the Monastic Order...In the Christian world, it refers to an organization approved by the legitimate authority of the church, whose members live a monastic life under a common constitution (institutum). In this case, those that follow one of the four major Christian monastic rules (regula = discipline), namely the Basilian Rule, the Benedictine Rule, the Augustinian Rule, and the Franciscan Rule, are called solemn vows (ordo), those that follow only the constitutions are called simple vows (congregatio), and both together are called religio. The terms societas and institutio are also sometimes used. *Some of the terminology that refers to "Ordo (monastic order)" is listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…多くの修道院で聖遺物崇拝がなされ,民衆の巡礼が活発となったが,そのエネルギーは十字軍を起こすに十分なものであった。〈修道会(オルドordo)〉と呼ばれるものはこのころ初めて成立した。すなわち,修道院は1215年の第4ラテラノ公会議が新設を禁止するまでふえつづけ,多くの修道会を生んだ。… 【修道会】より…キリスト教世界において,合法的な教会の権威によって認可され,会員が共通の会憲(インスティトゥトゥムinstitutum)のもとで修道生活を営む組織をいう。その場合,キリスト教の四大修道会則(レグラ=戒律)といわれる〈バシリウス会則〉〈ベネディクトゥス会則〉〈アウグスティヌス会則〉〈フランシスコ会則〉のいずれかに準拠するものを盛式誓願修道会(オルドordo),会憲のみによるものを単式誓願修道会(コングレガティオcongregatio),両者を併せてレリギオreligioという。またソキエタスsocietas,インスティトゥティオinstitutioの語が当てられることもある。… ※「オルド(修道会)」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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