Lung cancer - pulmonary cancer

Japanese: 肺癌 - はいがん（英語表記）pulmonary cancer

It accounts for the majority of primary malignant tumors occurring in the lungs, and is the most frequent malignant tumor in Europe and the United States, and is also increasing in Japan. It is more prevalent in men. Pathologically, it is divided into squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, and undifferentiated carcinoma. Undifferentiated carcinoma has the poorest prognosis. Smoking, especially in the case of squamous cell carcinoma, is considered to be a contributing factor. The tumor not only grows locally, but also has a tendency to metastasize lymphatic and hematogenous. Initial symptoms include coughing and bloody sputum, and as the disease progresses, symptoms such as atelectasis, pneumonia, and pleurisy appear. Diagnosis is made by X-rays, bronchography, bronchoscopy, and cytology. If the range of metastasis is limited to the hilar region, etc., lobectomy and lung resection, including lymph node resection, are performed aggressively, and anticancer drugs are administered. If surgery is not possible, radiation therapy and anticancer drug administration are used in combination.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

肺に生じる原発性悪性腫瘍の大部分を占めるもので，欧米では悪性腫瘍のなかで最も頻度が高く，日本でも増加しつつある。男性に多い。病理学的に扁平上皮癌，腺癌，未分化癌に分けられる。予後は未分化癌が最も不良である。誘因として，特に扁平上皮癌では喫煙が注目されている。腫瘍は局所で発育するだけでなく，リンパ行性，血行性に転移しやすい。初期症状は咳嗽や血痰で，さらに進行すると無気肺，肺炎，胸膜炎などの症状が現れる。診断はX線写真，気管支造影，気管支鏡，細胞診などによって行う。転移の範囲が肺門部などに限局している場合には，リンパ節切除を含めた肺葉切除，肺切除を積極的に行い，さらに制癌剤を投与する。手術が不可能な場合には放射線療法と制癌剤投与を併用する。

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