Tatsuji Miyoshi

A Showa-era poet and translator. Born in Osaka. After being expelled from the Army Academy, he entered the former Third High School. He was friends with Kajii Motojiro and Maruyama Kaoru. After entering the French Literature Department of Tokyo Imperial University, he published short poems and prose poems in coterie magazines such as "A" and "Aozora," as well as "Poetry and Poetics," which was launched in 1928 (Showa 3). He sought to be a true avant-garde poet, not an imitation, by intellectually recreating the lyric world expressed in traditional Japanese poetry and Chinese poetry using modernist methods of expression introduced from Europe. He published his first collection of poems, "Survey Ship," in 1930. After being hospitalized for hemoptysis in 1932, he introduced the poetic methods of Francis Jamme and Chinese poetry, and published the quatrain "Nansoshu," which transformed a beautiful world of fantasy about death into a pastoral world full of life. In 1934, together with Hori Tatsuo and others, he founded the second "Shiki," which became a base for intellectual lyric poetry, and led the prewar poetry world. After World War II, he published the poem "Astride a Camel's Hump," which expressed lurking nihilism with humor and satire, as well as the collection of essays "Hagiwara Sakutarō." He is also known for his translations of Baudelaire and Fabre.

[Toshihiko Fujimoto]

"Modernism as the Periphery: The Undercurrent of Contemporary Japanese Poetry" by Toshihiko Fujimoto (2009, Sobunsha Publishing)

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

昭和期の詩人、翻訳家。大阪生まれ。陸軍士官学校放校後、旧制第三高等学校に入学。梶井基次郎(かじいもとじろう)、丸山薫(まるやまかおる)らと交友した。東京帝国大学仏文科に入学後、同人誌「亜」、「青空」、また1928年（昭和3）創刊の「詩と詩論」などに短詩や散文詩を発表。ヨーロッパから入ってきたモダニズムの表現方法を用いて、日本の伝統詩歌や漢詩が表現した抒情(じょじょう)世界を知的につくりかえることで、物真似(ものまね)ではない真の前衛詩の書き手であろうとした。1930年に第一詩集『測量船』を刊行。1932年の喀血(かっけつ)入院を契機に、フランシス・ジャムや漢詩の詩法を導入し、美しい死的幻想世界から生命感あふれる田園世界と転じた四行詩集『南窗集(なんそうしゅう)』を刊行。1934年、堀辰雄(ほりたつお)らと、主知的抒情詩の拠点となった第二次『四季』を創刊し、戦前の詩壇を牽引(けんいん)した。第二次世界大戦後、沈潜するニヒリズムを諧謔(かいぎゃく)と風刺で表現した詩集『駱駝(らくだ)の瘤(こぶ)にまたがつて』や評論集『萩原朔太郎』などを刊行。また、ボードレール、ファーブルの翻訳でも知られている。

［藤本寿彦］

『藤本寿彦著『周縁としてのモダニズム　日本現代詩の底流』（2009・双文社出版）』

出典　小学館　日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について　情報 | 凡例