Nikias

Japanese: ニキアス（英語表記）Nikias

[Born] Around 470 B.C.
Died 413 BC. Sicilian Athenian politician and general. He is said to have been extremely wealthy. During the Peloponnesian War, he distinguished himself as an excellent commander for the first 10 years, but also opposed militancy and tried to conclude a peace treaty with Sparta. After the deaths of Cleon, a leader of the militant faction, and Brasidas, a capable Spartan general, he established the "Peace of Nicias" in 421 BC. In 415 BC, he opposed Alcibiades' plan to invade Sicily, but was called in as leader. Of the three commanders of the expedition, Alcibiades was recalled for blasphemy, Lamachus was killed in battle, and Nicias, who remained, participated in an attack on Syracuse, but was defeated in a naval battle. He also decided not to set sail on the night of a lunar eclipse due to superstition, which led to a failed retreat (413 BC), and he was captured and executed. The Sicilian expedition cost Athens more than 200 warships, 35,000 crew members, an elite army including 4,000 Athenians, and much material and valuables, determining the outcome of the Peloponnesian War and marking the beginning of Athens' defeat.

Nicias
Nikias

A great Greek painter active in the late 4th century BCE, from the time of Alexander the Great to the Diadochi period. He was a disciple of the famous Euphranor, and the last of the Attic school. He is said to have been honored for coloring a sculpture by the great sculptor Praxiteles. His work is known only from documents such as Pliny (Natural History), who claims that he was the first to use color to express the contours of figures. He was particularly fond of wax painting, as well as fresco and tempera techniques. His works include paintings of women, such as Nemea, Danae, Calypso, Io, and Andromeda, as well as Dionysus, Hyacinth, Necyomantia, and a portrait of Alexander the Great.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

[生]前470頃
[没]前413. シチリア
古代ギリシア，アテネの政治家，将軍。莫大な富を有していたといわれる。ペロポネソス戦争に際して，最初の 10年間すぐれた司令官として名を揚げる一方，好戦主義に反対してスパルタとの和平締結に努力し，好戦派の指導者クレオン，スパルタの有能な将軍ブラシダスの死後，前 421年に「ニキアスの平和」を成立させた。前 415年アルキビアデスのシチリア遠征計画に反対しながらも指揮者として出動し，遠征軍3人の指揮官のうちアルキビアデスは涜神事件で呼び返され，ラマコスは戦死，残ったニキアスはシラクサ攻撃にたずさわったが海戦に敗北，迷信から月食の夜，船出するのを見合せたため，退却に失敗 (前 413) ，捕えられて処刑された。シチリア遠征によって，アテネは 200隻以上の軍船，3万 5000に及ぶ乗組員，4000人のアテネ出身者を含む精鋭陸軍，および多くの資材と財貨を失い，ペロポネソス戦争の帰趨を決定し，アテネ敗退の端緒となった。

ニキアス
Nikias

前4世紀末，アレクサンドロス大王の時代からディアドコス時代にかけて活躍したギリシアの大画家。有名なエウフラノルの孫弟子で，アッチカ派の最後を飾った。大彫刻家プラクシテレスの彫刻に彩色を施して栄誉を受けたともいわれる。プリニウス (『博物誌』) などの文献のみで伝えられ，それによると色彩によって形体の輪郭を表現することを初めて試みたことになっている。フレスコやテンペラ技法のほか，ろう画を特に好んだ。作品には『ネメア』『ダナエ』『カリュプソ』『イオ』『アンドロメダ』などの女性を主題としたもののほか，『ディオニュソス』『ヒュアキントス』『ネキュオンマンティア』『アレクサンドロス大王の肖像』などがある。

出典　ブリタニカ国際大百科事典小項目事典ブリタニカ国際大百科事典小項目事典について　情報

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