Density is the mass of a substance divided by its volume. In other words, density is the mass per unit volume. There are various units, such as kilograms per cubic meter (kg/m 3 ), grams per cubic centimeter (g/cm 3 ), and pounds per cubic foot (lb/ft 3 ). When comparing the same substances, solids generally have a higher density, although there are exceptions. Liquids are close to this but slightly smaller, and gases have the lowest density. The density of gas changes almost proportionally to pressure and inversely proportional to absolute temperature. The ratio of the densities of solids, liquids, and gases of the same substance (e.g. ice, water, and water vapor) indicates how densely the molecules are packed within them. Specific gravity, a concept that is easily confused, is the ratio of the mass of a substance to the mass of a standard substance of the same volume, and is an absolute number. The word density is used to express the degree of compaction, in addition to the mass density mentioned above. In other words, the values per unit volume, unit area, and unit length of a quantity are called the volume density, areal density, and linear density, respectively. For example, the number density of molecules refers to the number of molecules per unit volume. Also, the linear density of a wire refers to the mass per unit length. It is also used in everyday terms, such as population density (the number of residents per unit area of land). [Wada Yatsumi] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
物質の質量を体積で割ったものをいう。すなわち密度は単位体積当りの質量である。単位としては、キログラム毎立方メートル(kg/m3)、グラム毎立方センチメートル(g/cm3)、ポンド毎立方フィート(lb/ft3)など種々ある。同じ物質で比較すると、例外もあるが一般に固体は密度が大きい。液体はこれに近いが、やや小さく、気体はもっとも小さい。気体の密度はほぼ圧力に比例し絶対温度に反比例して変化する。同じ物質の固体、液体、気体(たとえば氷、水、水蒸気)の密度の比は、その中に分子がどのくらい密に詰まっているかの度合いを示している。混同されやすい概念としての比重は、ある物質の質量とそれと同体積の標準物質の質量の比であって、無名数である。 密度ということばは、前述の質量密度のほかに、もっと一般的に詰まり方の度合いを表すのに使われる。すなわち、ある量の単位体積当り、単位面積当り、単位長さ当りの値をそれぞれその量の体積密度、面密度、線密度という。たとえば分子の数密度というと、単位体積当り分子が何個あるかをいう。また、針金の線密度とは単位長さ当りの質量をいう。日常的にも人口密度(土地の単位面積当りの住民の数)というように使われる。 [和田八三久] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
>>: Mittelland Canal - Mittelland Canal (English name)
A city in northwestern Nevada, United States. It ...
A science that studies the maintenance of mental a...
A perennial plant of the family Albizia (illustrat...
An insect belonging to the family Tettigoniidae i...
This was a Tozama domain with its headquarters in...
…He was also one of the leading natural scientist...
Death due to obstruction of the respiratory airway...
…The founder of the school can be said to be Yagy...
One of the twelve minor prophets in the Old Testa...
Jamaica is a constitutional monarchy with the Bri...
... The second period was from then until around ...
…When clay accumulation is significant, a shiny c...
...For this reason, the mir was strengthened afte...
…During the time of Asatsune, he held the Fukui M...
A Sumitomo-affiliated electric wire manufacturer. ...