Administrative litigation - administrative litigation

Japanese: 行政事件訴訟 - ぎょうせいじけんそしょう

Litigation concerning disputes over administrative legal relations. Under the old constitution, administrative courts were established to handle administrative cases, but under the Constitution of Japan, administrative cases are also subject to trial by the judicial courts, with the Supreme Court at the top. However, since it is necessary to establish litigation procedures appropriate for administrative cases, the Administrative Case Litigation Act, which is separate from the Civil Procedure Code, prescribes lawsuits (appeal lawsuits) against the exercise of public power by the administration, such as annulment lawsuits, party lawsuits, public lawsuits, and agency lawsuits. In 2004, in order to more effectively guarantee the rights and freedoms of the people, the Administrative Case Litigation Act was revised to (1) clarify the statutory provisions of mandatory lawsuits (lawsuits seeking to order an administrative agency to take a disposition, etc.) and injunctive lawsuits (lawsuits seeking to order an administrative agency not to take a disposition, etc.) and declaratory judgment lawsuits regarding legal relations under public law, (2) expand the standing of plaintiffs in annulment lawsuits, (3) extend the statute of limitations, (4) establish new clarification measures to enhance and promote hearings, and (5) expand the provisional relief system.

(Shinichi Doi, Professor at Kyoto University Graduate School / 2007)

Source : "Chiezo" published by Asahi Shimbun Publications Co., Ltd. About Chiezo

Japanese:

行政上の法律関係をめぐる紛争に関する訴訟。旧憲法では行政事件を取り扱う行政裁判所を設置していたが、日本国憲法の下では、行政事件も最高裁を頂点とする司法裁判所の裁判に服することになった。ただ、行政事件にふさわしい訴訟手続きを定める必要があることから、民事訴訟法とは別に、行政事件訴訟法において、取消訴訟などの行政による公権力の行使に関する不服の訴訟(抗告訴訟)、当事者訴訟、民衆訴訟及び機関訴訟が定められている。2004年に国民の権利・自由をより実効的に保障するために、行政事件訴訟法が改正され、(1)義務付け訴訟(行政庁が処分等をすべき旨を命ずることを求める訴訟)及び差止め訴訟(行政庁が処分等をしてはならない旨を命ずることを求める訴訟)の法定や公法上の法律関係に関する確認訴訟の明示、(2)取消訴訟の原告適格の拡大、(3)出訴期間の延長、(4)審理の充実・促進のための釈明処分の新設、(5)仮の救済制度の拡充などが図られた。

(土井真一京都大学大学院教授／ 2007年)

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