A reaction in which aromatic compounds are alkylated or acylated by reacting them with alkyl halides, alcohols, acyl halides, or acid anhydrides using a Lewis acid such as aluminum chloride as a catalyst. It was discovered by C. Friedel and J. Crafts (1877). It is widely used in organic chemistry and the organic synthesis industry. For example, cumene is obtained by reacting propyl bromide with benzene using anhydrous aluminum chloride as a catalyst, and acetophenone is obtained by reacting acetic anhydride or acetyl chloride with benzene. An alkyl group can also be introduced into the aromatic ring by using an olefin or alcohol instead of an alkyl halide. Examples include the synthesis of cumene from benzene and propylene, and the synthesis of ethylbenzene from benzene and ethylene. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
芳香族化合物に,塩化アルミニウムなどのルイス酸を触媒として,ハロゲン化アルキル,アルコール,ハロゲン化アシル,あるいは酸無水物を作用させて,アルキル化あるいはアシル化を行う反応。 C.フリーデルと J.クラフツによって発見された (1877) 。有機化学,有機合成工業に広く応用されている。たとえば,ベンゼンに無水塩化アルミニウムを触媒として臭化プロピルを反応させるとクメンが,また無水酢酸あるいは塩化アセチルを作用させるとアセトフェノンが得られる。ハロゲン化アルキルの代りにオレフィンあるいはアルコールを用いて芳香環にアルキル基を導入することもある。たとえば,ベンゼンとプロピレンによるクメン合成,ベンゼンとエチレンによるエチルベンゼン合成などがある。
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