Olomouc - Olomouc (English spelling)

Japanese: オロモウツ - おろもうつ(英語表記)Olomouc
Olomouc - Olomouc (English spelling)

A city in the central Moravia region of the Czech Republic. German name Olmütz. Population 103,293 (2001). Located at the confluence of the Morava and Bystrice rivers. The central city of the fertile agricultural region of Haná. A key transportation hub connecting the east-west and north-south of the Czech Republic. Originating in the 11th century, it was the capital of Moravia from 1314, but was destroyed by the Swedish army during the Thirty Years' War, and the capital was moved to Brno in 1641. From the 18th century onwards, it had religious and military characteristics, as seen in the archbishopric established in 1777 and the Austrian fortress. The modern development of the city was delayed due to the fortress (the fortress was removed in 1888), and industrialization progressed after World War I. Currently, it is a center of the food industry, including dairy products, distilled spirits, canned goods, and sugar. As the second oldest city in the country after Prague, it has many historical buildings from the Romanesque, Gothic, Renaissance, and Baroque periods, including St. Wenceslas Cathedral from the 11th century and the City Hall from the 13th century. It is also home to Palacký University, founded in 1573.

[Mizuho Nakata]

[References] | Moravia

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

チェコのモラビア地方中部の都市。ドイツ語名オルミュッツOlmütz。人口10万3293(2001)。モラバ川とビストジツェ川の合流点に位置する。肥沃(ひよく)な農業地帯ハナー地方の中心都市。チェコの東西と南北を結ぶ交通の要地。11世紀に源を発し、1314年からはモラビアの首都となったが、三十年戦争でスウェーデン軍に破壊され、1641年に首都がブルノに移された。18世紀以降は、1777年に置かれた大司教座とオーストリアの要塞(ようさい)にみられるように、宗教的、軍事的な特色をもった。要塞のため都市の近代的発展は遅れ(1888年に要塞は撤去)、工業化は第一次世界大戦後に進んだ。現在は乳製品、蒸留酒、缶詰、製糖など食品工業の中心地である。プラハに次ぐ同国の古都として、11世紀来の聖バーツラフ大聖堂、13世紀来の市庁舎をはじめ、ロマネスク、ゴシック、ルネサンス、バロック各期の歴史的建造物が多く残されている。1573年創建のパラツキー大学がある。

[中田瑞穂]

[参照項目] | モラビア

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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