...In this theory, plant communities that are stable and persistent and appear to be climaxes but are not climaxes are called subclimaxes because the transition has stopped due to various reasons such as soil and human activity, and if the cause is removed, the transition will resume and converge to the climax. (2) Polyclimax theory This theory criticizes the monoclimax theory and holds that in the same large climate region, not only climatic climaxes but also other stable climaxes exist in a mosaic pattern in response to differences in environmental conditions other than climate, such as soil, topography, and bedrock. This theory is typified by Tansley, England. In the polyclimax theory, red pine forests on dry ridges in the temperate zone of Japan and Japanese walnut forests along humid streams are considered to be stable plant communities in their natural state, and climaxes other than the climatic climax beech forest are recognized. ... From [Clements]…He advocated the monopolar theory. He considered the combination of plant communities and the animal communities living there to be an organism and named them biological communities, which gave impetus to A.G. Tansley's proposal of the ecosystem concept. He also laid the foundations for the study of plant indicators. … From [Ecosystem] A system of living organisms that live in a certain area and the abiotic environment that interacts with them, focusing on the flow of energy and the circulation of materials. The term was coined by A. G. Tansley in 1935. *Some of the terminology referenced in "Tansley, AG" is listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…この説では,安定性と永続性を示し見かけ上は極相であるが,気候極相ではない植物群落は,土壌・人為などのさまざまな原因で遷移が停止しているのであり,その原因がなくなれば再び遷移が進行して極相に収束するものと考え,準極相subclimaxと呼ぶ。(2)多極相説 単極相説を批判し,同じ大気候の地域には気候以外の土壌・地形・基岩などの環境条件の違いに対応して気候極相だけでなく他の安定した複数の極相がモザイク的に存在すると考えるもので,イギリスのタンズリーA.G.Tansleyに代表される。多極相説では,日本の温帯の乾燥した尾根のアカマツ林や多湿な沢沿いのサワグルミ林などをそれぞれ自然状態で安定した植物群落と考え,気候極相のブナ林以外の極相を認める。… 【クレメンツ】より…単極相説を主唱。植物群落とそこに住む動物群集とを合わせたものを有機体と見なして生物共同体と名づけ,タンズリーA.G.Tansleyによる生態系概念の提唱に契機を与えた。植物指標の研究の基礎もきずいた。… 【生態系】より…ある地域に住むすべての生物とこれに相互に作用し合う非生物的環境をひとまとめにし,エネルギーの流れや物質循環に着目して一つの機能系とみなしたもの。イギリスの植物生態学者タンズリーA.G.Tansleyが1935年に提唱した語。 ※「Tansley,A.G.」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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