Sidewalk - footway

Japanese: 歩道 - ほどう(英語表記)footway
Sidewalk - footway

It refers to the part of the road that is divided by a curb line, a fence, or other similar structure and is intended to be used exclusively for pedestrians. The width of the sidewalk is stipulated in Article 11, paragraph 3 of the Road Structure Act (1970) as being at least 2 meters wide, and at least 3.5 meters wide on roads with many pedestrians. In addition to sidewalks, the Road Structure Act also defines "bicycle and pedestrian paths" as parts of roads for "bicycle and pedestrian traffic," and their width is set at at least 3 meters, and at least 4 meters on roads with many pedestrians. Sidewalks are urban facilities intended for pedestrian traffic, but bicycles are also permitted on bicycle and pedestrian paths. Furthermore, pavement increases visibility on roads with many intersections, improving the safety of automobile traffic. Since 1965 (Showa 40), six plans have been formulated in succession as part of the Traffic Safety Facilities Improvement Project, from the First Three-Year Plan to the Sixth Five-Year Plan (which was amended to a Seven-Year Plan midway through; 1997-2003), in order to improve and expand sidewalks.

[Kazuhiro Yoshikawa and Kiyoshi Kobayashi]

The basic concept of sidewalk construction was established in the Priority Plan for Social Infrastructure Development enacted in 2003, and sidewalk construction is being carried out based on the Priority Plan for Social Infrastructure Development enacted in 2009. The Traffic Barrier-Free Law was enacted in 2000, which designated routes between specific passenger facilities and destination facilities as specific routes, and required focusing on reducing the difference in level between roads and sidewalks and ensuring sufficient flat areas of sidewalks. Furthermore, efforts are being made to make general sidewalks barrier-free, not just "specific routes." Under the Road Traffic Law, bicycles are considered light vehicles, and in principle, they should ride on the road when there is a distinction between the sidewalk and the road. However, on sidewalks where bicycles are permitted to ride, if the designated area is designated by road signs, etc., bicycles should ride on the designated area, and if not, they should ride slowly on the area from the center of the sidewalk closest to the road. In response to the increase in bicycle accidents and the reality of bicycles riding in a disorderly manner on sidewalks, a law was enacted on June 14, 2007 to amend part of the Road Traffic Act and to strengthen regulations on bicycle use.

[Kiyoshi Kobayashi]

[Reference item] | Traffic safety measures | Traffic Barrier-Free Law

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

縁石(ふちいし)線、柵(さく)、その他これに類する工作物によって区画され、もっぱら歩行者の通行の用に供することを目的とする道路の部分をいう。その幅員は道路構造令(1970)第11条第3項で、歩道の幅員は2メートル以上、歩行者の多い道路では3.5メートル以上と定められている。道路構造令には歩道のほかに「自転車歩行者道」という「自転車及び歩行者の通行」のための道路の部分が別に定義されており、その幅員は3メートル以上、歩行者の多い道路では4メートル以上とされている。歩道は歩行者の通行を目的とする都市施設であるが、自転車歩行者道においては自転車の通行も認められる。さらに、舗装は交差点の多い道路では見通し距離を増大させて自動車走行の安全性を高める役割をもつ。交通安全施設等整備事業により、1965年度(昭和40)以降、第一次三か年計画から第六次五か年計画(途中で七か年計画に改定。1997~2003)まで6回にわたる計画が逐次策定され、歩道の整備拡充が図られてきた。

[吉川和広・小林潔司]

 2003年(平成15)に制定された社会資本整備重点計画のなかで歩道整備の基本的な考え方が定められ、2009年に策定された社会基本整備重点計画に基づいて歩道整備が行われている。2000年に交通バリアフリー法が施行され、特定旅客施設と目的施設との間の経路を特定経路とし、重点的に道路と歩道の段差を緩和したり、歩道の平坦部を十分に確保することが求められた。さらに「特定経路」以外の一般の歩道にもバリアフリー化が進められている。道路交通法上、自転車は軽車両と位置づけられ、歩道と車道の区別があるところでは車道を通行するのが原則である。ただし、道路標識等により自転車の通行が許可されている歩道においては、通行すべき部分が指定されているときはその指定された部分を、指定されていない場合は歩道の中央から車道寄りの部分を徐行しながら通行しなければならない。自転車事故が増加するとともに、自転車が歩道を無秩序に通行している実態を踏まえ、2007年(平成19)6月14日に道路交通法の一部を改正する法律が制定され、自転車利用に対する規制が強化されている。

[小林潔司]

[参照項目] | 交通安全対策 | 交通バリアフリー法

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