National Front for the Liberation of the South Vietnam

Japanese: 南ベトナム解放民族戦線 - みなみベトナムかいほうみんぞくせんせん（英語表記）National Front for the Liberation of the South Vietnam

The United Front was formed on December 20, 1960 in Moc Cai District, Kien Hoa Province, South Vietnam. It was a combination of the widespread political struggles and sporadic armed struggles that had been taking place in various places up until that point. The United Front was called the Viet Cong by the United States and other countries, as it was an organization of the communist forces of South Vietnam. The United Front included various political parties, mass organizations, and religious forces, and was chaired by lawyer Nguyen Phu Tho, with several representatives of various parties and organizations as vice-chairmen, and Nguyen Van Hieu of the Radical Socialist Party as secretary-general. It also included 10 points as its action platform, including the overthrow of American colonialism and the dictatorship of Ngo Dinh Diem and the establishment of a national democratic coalition government. In February 1961, the People's Armed Forces of South Vietnam were unified, and in January 1962, the People's Revolutionary Party (Communist Party) joined the Liberation Front, and thereafter took control of the movement. After the formation of the Liberation Front, the United States escalated the war from a so-called special war to a local war, but in the process of resisting and fighting back, the Liberation Front strengthened its power and expanded the liberated areas. In particular, in the Tet Offensive in 1968 and the Post-Tet Offensive in 1969, it dealt a major blow to the US and government forces, and in cooperation with the Union of Vietnamese National, Democratic and Peaceful Forces, which was formed during that time, it paved the way for the establishment of a provisional revolutionary government.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

1960年 12月 20日に南ベトナムのキエンホア省モッカイ郡で結成した統一戦線。それまで各地で行われていた民衆の広範な政治闘争と散発的な武力闘争を合体したもの。アメリカなどは，これを南ベトナムの共産勢力の組織であるという意味で，ベトコンと呼んだ。この統一戦線には，各種の政党，大衆団体，宗教勢力が参加し，議長には弁護士グエン・フー・ト，副議長に各党派，団体の代表数名，書記長に急進社会党のグエン・バン・ヒューが選ばれた。またその行動綱領として，アメリカの植民地主義とゴ・ジン・ジェムの独裁を打倒して，民族民主連合政府を樹立することなど 10項目が掲げられた。その後 61年2月には南ベトナム人民武装勢力の統一が実現し，62年1月には人民革命党 (共産党) が解放戦線に参加して，以後運動の実権を握ることになった。解放戦線の結成後，アメリカはいわゆる特殊戦争から局地戦争へと戦争をエスカレートさせたが，これに抵抗し，反撃する過程で，解放戦線は実力を高め，解放区を拡大していった。特に 68年のテト攻勢，69年のテト明け攻勢で，アメリカ軍と政府軍に大打撃を与え，その間に成立したベトナム民族・民主・平和勢力連合と協力して，臨時革命政府樹立への道を開いた。

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