These are masses of sand distributed along the coastline, carried and deposited by the wind. They are often several to several tens of meters high, but occasionally exceed 100 meters in height. They develop relatively well near the mouths of large rivers, where there is a large supply of sand and where prevailing winds come from the sea. Coastal sand dunes include transverse sand dunes that run parallel to the coastline, longitudinal sand dunes that run perpendicular to the coastline, and intermediate types such as barchan dunes and hairpin dunes. They are also called covered sand dunes, which are thinly deposited over the bedrock, fossil sand dunes that are covered with black sand, and eroded sand dunes that are eroded by the wind. Since the early modern period, people have built sand fences to prevent damage from blown sand and planted afforestation with trees such as pine and acacia. As a result of these efforts, the dunes have stabilized and come to be used as farmland. [Yoshinori Toyoshima] [References] | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
海岸地帯に分布し、風によって運ばれて堆積(たいせき)した砂のかたまり。高さは数メートルから数十メートルのものが多いが、まれに100メートルを超えるものがある。砂の供給が多く、海からの卓越風のみられる大河川河口部付近に、比較的良好に発達する。 海岸砂丘は、海岸線に平行する横列砂丘、直交する縦列砂丘や、それらの中間のバルハン型砂丘、ヘアピン型砂丘などの砂丘がある。また基盤を覆って薄く堆積する被覆砂丘とか、黒色砂に覆われた化石砂丘、風によって侵食された侵食砂丘などの呼び名がある。近世以降、人々は飛砂の害を防ぐために防砂垣を設け、松やアカシアなどの造林を行った。このような努力の結果、砂丘地は安定し、畑地として利用されるようになった。 [豊島吉則] [参照項目] | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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