A Greek word meaning maker or craftsman. (1) In Homer, it meant craftsmen such as metalworkers and potters, as well as messengers and physicians. In Athens before Solon, it referred to all free citizens other than aristocrats and peasants, but it did not appear as a specific class later. In some poleis such as Elis and Achaea, high-ranking officials were called by this name. (2) Another name for God, especially in Plato's cosmology (Timaeus). The Demiurge is inherently good, and with the desire for all things to resemble itself as much as possible, he brings order to a chaotic, disorderly, and inharmonious state of flux, and forms the world as a "living rational thing" with a soul (psyche) and an eternal, unchanging idea as its prototype (paradigm). However, since the world was formed from already existing materials and the Demiurge was necessarily limited by the "place (chora)" in which the world was to be created, the Demiurge's formation of the world was not a "creation out of nothing" (creatio ex nihilo) and he himself cannot be called an omnipotent God. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
製作者,職人を意味するギリシア語。 (1) ホメロスでは金属細工師,陶工などの職人や,使者や医者を意味した。ソロン以前のアテネでは貴族および農民以外の自由市民全体をさしたが,その後は特定の身分として現れることはない。エリス地方,アカイア地方などのいくつかのポリスでは高位の役人がこの名で呼ばれている。 (2) 特にプラトンの宇宙生成論 (『ティマイオス』) における神の別称。デミウルゴスは善性を本性とし,すべてのものができるだけ自己自身に似ることを望んで,無秩序,不調和に流動している混合状態 (カオス) に秩序を与え,永遠不変のイデアを範型 (パラディグマ) に,一つの魂 (プシュケー) をもつ「生ける理性的なもの」として世界を形成する。しかし世界はすでに存在する素材から形成され,デミウルゴスは世界がそこにおいて造らるべき「場所 (コーラ ) 」によって必然的な限定を受けるのであるから,デミウルゴスの世界形成は「無からの創造」 creatio ex nihiloではなく,彼自身全能の神といわれることはできない。
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