It is an animal of the Cercopithecidae family of the Primates class of Mammalia. Its English name is Rhesus Monkey, and it is also called Bengal Monkey . It is found in Asia east of Pakistan and south of the line connecting the upper reaches of the Indus River and the mouth of the Yangtze River. However, it is not found in the southern part of the Indian peninsula where its genus, the Bonnet Macaque M. radiata , lives, or on the islands of Southeast Asia where its genus, the Crabo-eating Macaque M. fascicularis, lives. It is the most widely distributed of the Macaques, and lives in a variety of environments, from forests to relatively dry areas. In India, it is protected for religious reasons of Hinduism, and is commonly seen around villages, in temple grounds, and in towns such as train stations, and its population is said to be greater than in forests. However, near villages, they destroy crops in fields, which has led to severe conflict with humans, and the population is showing a tendency to decrease. The fur is reddish brown on the back and white on the ventral side. It has a body length of 50cm, a tail length of 25cm, and weighs 7-8kg. It is omnivorous, feeding mainly on fruit, tree buds, and other plant foods, but also eats insects, lizards, and other small animals. It is diurnal and is an excellent swimmer. It lives in groups of 10-80 individuals, each of which contains several males and roughly twice as many females, with a clear hierarchy among the males. Each group has a set roaming area, and a dominance-inferiority relationship can be seen between neighboring groups. Since they are easy to raise, they have long been used as experimental animals in the fields of medicine and psychology, and their brain structure and various physiological values are the most well-known. In 1938, American primatologist CR Carpenter (1905-1975) conducted a study on sexual relations using a group of rhesus monkeys sent from India to the Caribbean island of Santiago. This study is famous as one of the groundbreaking achievements that pioneered the ecological and sociological research on primates that became popular after the Second World War, and is still being conducted on the island today. [Kenji Kawanaka] Distributed in Asia east of Pakistan and south of the line connecting the upper reaches of the Indus River and the mouth of the Yangtze River (excluding the southern part of the Indian peninsula and the islands of Southeast Asia). It is omnivorous, mainly eating plant foods, but also eats small animals such as insects and lizards. The fur on the back is reddish brown and the ventral side is white. English name: Rhesus monkey, also known as Bengal monkey. Head and body length about 50 cm, tail length about 25 cm, weight 7 to 8 kg ©Shogakukan "> Rhesus Macaque Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
哺乳(ほにゅう)綱霊長目オナガザル科の動物。英名リーサスモンキー、別名をベンガルザルともいう。パキスタン以東、インダス川上流と揚子江(ようすこう)河口を結ぶ線より南のアジアに分布する。ただし、同属のボンネットザルM. radiataがすむインド半島南部と、カニクイザルM. fascicularisがすむ東南アジアの島々には分布していない。マカック属ではもっとも広域に分布し、また森林地帯から比較的乾燥した地域まで、多様な環境にすんでいる。とくにインドでは、ヒンドゥー教の宗教上の理由で保護されており、村落の周囲や、寺院の境内、駅など町中でも普通にみられ、個体数はむしろ森林の中より多いという。しかし村落の近くでは、彼らが畑の作物を荒らすので人間との対立関係が厳しくなり、減少の傾向を示している。体毛は背側が赤褐色で、腹側は白い。体長50センチメートル、尾長25センチメートルで、体重は7~8キログラムになる。食性は果実、木の芽など植物性食物を中心とする雑食性で、昆虫、トカゲなど小動物も食べる。昼行性で、泳ぎがうまい。10~80頭の群れをつくり、群れには数頭の雄と、その約2倍の雌が含まれていて、雄の間には明確な順位がある。群れには決まった遊動域があり、隣接群との間には優劣関係が認められる。 飼育が容易なこともあって、古くから医学や心理学などの分野で実験動物として広く用いられ、脳の構造や各種の生理値がもっとも詳しく知られたサルである。また、1938年にインドからカリブ海のサンチアゴ島に送られたアカゲザルの群れを対象として、アメリカの霊長類学者カーペンターC. R. Carpenter(1905―1975)が行った性関係の研究は、第二次世界大戦後盛んになった霊長類の生態学的、社会学的研究の先駆をなす画期的な業績の一つとして有名であり、この島では今日も引き続いて研究が行われている。 [川中健二] パキスタン以東、インダス川上流と揚子江河口を結ぶ線より南のアジアに分布(インド半島南部と東南アジアの島々を除く)。植物性食物を中心とする雑食性で、昆虫やトカゲなどの小動物も食べる。体毛は背側が赤褐色で、腹側は白色。英名リーサスモンキー、別名ベンガルザル。頭胴長約50cm、尾長約25cm、体重7~8kg©Shogakukan"> アカゲザル 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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