Kazimir Severinovich Malevich

Japanese: マレービチ - まれーびち(英語表記)Казимир Северинович Малевич/Kazimir Severinovich Malevich
Kazimir Severinovich Malevich

Russian painter. Born near Kiev, he studied at the Moscow School of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture. In the 1910s, he gradually leaned towards abstract painting, aiming to reconcile Cubism and Futurism. In 1913, while working on the Futurist opera Conquest of the Sun, he discovered the pure abstraction that would later be called "Suprematism." He exhibited works such as "The Jack of Diamonds" (1910) and "The Donkey's Tail" (1912) at exhibitions. His work "Black Square" (Tretyakov Gallery, Moscow), which was exhibited at the "Last Futurist Exhibition - 0,10" (meaning 10 people aiming for zero) exhibition in 1915, is a black square painted on a white background, and is a memorable work that marked the beginning of today's abstract painting. After the revolution, he also taught the younger generation at the Vitebsk Art School. He also designed the set design for Mayakovsky's play Mystery-Bouffe in 1918. However, in the 1930s, the Soviet art world labeled abstract art decadent, and Malevich tried to return to representational work, but he fell ill without achieving much success, and passed away in Leningrad (St. Petersburg). After his death, abstract art faced increasingly strong criticism and was almost wiped out, but it has finally begun to be reevaluated since the thaw after World War II. However, research on abstract art was popular in the West, and research in the former Soviet Union only began in the 1980s.

[Hiroshi Kimura]

[References] | Contemporary art | Constructivism | Suprematism | Russian avant-garde

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

ロシアの画家。キエフ近郊に生まれ、モスクワの絵画・彫刻・建築学校で学ぶ。1910年代に入ってからは、キュビスムとフトゥリスム(未来派)の融和を目ざして、しだいに抽象絵画へと傾斜した。13年、未来派オペラ『太陽の征服』を手がけた際、後に「シュプレマティズム」(至高主義・絶対主義)とよばれる純粋抽象に目ざめる。「ダイヤのジャック」(1910)、「ロバの尻尾(しっぽ)」(1912)などの展覧会に出品。15年の「最後の未来派絵画展―0,10」(ゼロを目ざす10人の意)展に出品した『黒い正方形』(モスクワ、トレチャコフ美術館)は、白地の背景の上に黒い正方形だけを描いたもので、今日の抽象画の一つの出発点となった記念すべき作品である。革命後はビテプスクの美術学校で後進の指導にあたった時期もある。また、18年にはマヤコフスキーの戯曲『ミステリヤ・ブッフ』の舞台美術を手がけた。しかし、30年代に入るとソ連美術界は抽象美術をデカダン派のものときめつけ、マレービチもふたたび具象的な仕事に戻ろうとしたが、大きな成果をあげぬまま病に倒れ、レニングラード(サンクト・ペテルブルグ)に没した。死後ますます抽象美術への風当たりは強く、ほとんど抹殺に近い状況にあったが、ようやく第二次世界大戦後の雪どけ以降、再評価され始めている。しかし、西側での研究が盛んで、旧ソ連での研究は1980年代に始まった。

[木村 浩]

[参照項目] | 現代美術 | 構成主義 | シュプレマティズム | ロシア・アバンギャルド

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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